2021年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

第I卷（选择题，共125分）Ⅰ.Phonetics（5points）Directions：Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords，therearefourunderlinedlettersorlettercombinationsmarkedA，B，CandD.Comparetheunderlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.A.cakeB.gasC.bagD.tax2.A.toughB.laughC.thoughD.cough3.A.pupilB.musicC.hugeD.lucky4.A.gestureB.matureC.mixtureD.structure5.A.leaderB.pleasureC.leatherD.measureⅡ.VocabularyandStructure（15points）Directions：Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChooseoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.6.—Didyoufindthefilmboring?—Notatall.Itwas.A.terrificB.bitterC.horribleD.miserable7.Bythetimeheretires，CarlA.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.willbeD.hasbeenpresidentfor15yearsattheuniversity.8.Thepipeinthekitchenisbroken.WeshouldhaveitA.toberepairedB.repairedC.torepairD.repairing9.EverytimeImether，shewouldshowherconcernA.againstB.onC.fromD.for10.Marydemandedthatheassoonaspossible..meandmyfamily.thebooksheborrowedfromheramonthago.第 1 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

A.returnB.wouldreturnC.returnedD.hadreturned11.Wehavetoacceptthefactcountryside.A.thatB.whichC.sinceD.becausethereisashortageofqualifiedteachersinthe12.Thereareenoughnightschoolsinthiscity.Adultscanbeeducatednomattertheyare.A.howB.whatC.whenD.where13.ThoseA.whoseB.whichC.whoD.whatarewillingtohelpothersarelikelytobepopularamongpeople.old14.Manyyoungpeoplehavestoppednow.A.buyB.tobuyC.boughtD.buying15.Susie'sexperienceisunusualA.sothatB.exceptthatC.inthatD.suchthat16.Thecompanyhas80staffmembers，A.nottocountB.notcountedC.havingnotcountedD.notcountingnewspapersbecausetheyreadthenewsonlineshetravelled20countriesinonlyonemonth.15foreignexperts.第 2 页

17.Theyoungmothergonetobed.A.hardlyB.almostC.onlyD.nearlyevergetsachancetostudy，exceptwhenthechildrenhavetheresultoftheexam，shestoodatthedooroftheclassroom，disappointed.18.A.KnowingB.TobeknownC.KnownD.Toknow19.Naturalgascanserveasanfriendly.A.optionB.extraC.additionD.alternativetocoalandoilbecauseitismoreenvironmentally20.ThelibrariandidsomecarefulcheckingandfoundseveralbooksA.leakingB.missingC.losingD.droppingfromtheshelf.Ⅲ.Cloze（30points）Directions：Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage，therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Aschildrenmovetowardsadulthood（成年），theybecometaller，stronger，andmoreindependent.Atsomepointinadulthood，_21_,aslowdeclinebegins.Theirhairoften_22_gray，andtheirskinwrinkles，andtheirmusclesbeginto23.Theirshort-termmemorymaysuffer，theyoften24partoftheirvisionorhearing.Scientistsarenot25surewhatcausestheeffectsofaging.Thebodymighthaveatime26whichwoulddeterminehowlongthecellscanremain27.Dependingonthetypeofanimalanditsenvironment，animalsageatdifferentratesandlive28differentlengthsoftime.Ananimalinagoodzoo—well29andprotectedfrompredators（捕食者）—oftenliveslongerthanthesametypeinthewild.30,peoplewholiveinrichcountriesgenerallylivelongerthan31inpoorcountries.Severalotherfactorsalso32howlongpeopleliveandthequalityoftheirlives.Onefactorisgenetics（遗传）.Insomefamilies，itseemsthatmany33havelonglives.Geneticsmayalsodeterminewhetherpeople34certaindiseases.Anotherfactorislifestyle.Peoplewhokeeptheirminds35andoftencommunicatewithfriendswillfeelyoungerandmaylive第 3 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

longer.Peoplewhokeepanormalweight，exercise，anddonotsmokemayalsoagemoreslowly.21.A.moreoverB.besidesC.thereforeD.however22.A.fallsB.turnsC.staysD.seems23.A.growB.developC.shrinkD.fade24.A.loseB.harmC.protectD.improve25.A.simplyB.exactlyC.purelyD.strictly26.A.labelB.lackC.linkD.limit27.A.healthyB.brightC.stableD.secure28.A.withB.onC.inD.for29.A.clothedB.trainedC.behavedD.fed30.A.FinallyB.MostlyC.CommonlyD.Similarly31.A.thoseB.thatC.othersD.some32.A.judgeB.formC.causeD.affect33.A.friendsB.membersC.racesD.names34.A.takeB.makeC.getD.cause35.A.calmB.cleverC.firmD.activeⅣ.ReadingComprehension（60points）Directions：Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOnePainisanemotionalaswellasphysicalresponsetoinjuryordisease.Intensefearandanxietyarevitalimmediateresponsesthatcauseyoutoavoidsourcesofpainwheneverpossible.Sometimes,however,painpersistsevenwhentheinjuryordiseaseisnolongerpresent.Apainfulfeelingcanbecomeassociatedwithconstantstress,badmemories,orlastingfear.Medicineisoftenessentialforcontrollingpainintheshortterm,buttakingpainkillers（止痛药）foranextendedperiodcanleadtoaddiction9（上瘾）orseriousphysicalsideeffects,includingstomachandliverdiseases.Yourbodymayalsobuildupatolerancetoadrugsothatyougetlessbenefitfromitastimegoeson.Althoughyoushouldalwaysseekmedicaladviceifpainissevereorcontinuesforalongtime,youcanalsousetechniquestocontrolit.Mind-bodytechniquescanreduceorhelpcontrolpain--withnoriskofsideeffects.Mostpeoplerelaxwithdeep，controlledbreathingtoreducethetensionthatcomeswithpain.Trylyingquietlyinadarkroom;breatheindeeplywhilecountingto10,holdthebreathforamoment,andthenexhaleslowlyforacountof10.Continuethisfor10-20minutes.Shiftingyourattentionoftenreducespain’sseverity（严重程度）.Tryturningyourattentionawayfromthepainfularea,focusinginsteadonanon-painfulpartofyourbody.Or,imaginethepainasabigballofenergyoutsideyourbody,andmakeitsmallerinyourmind.Trainyourselftoreplacethethoughtslike“Ican'tstopthispain,\"withpositiveonessuchas“Thispainisonlytemporary.Inthispractice,youmerelyacknowledgethepainbyactivelyfightingit,insteadofallowingittodominateyourthoughts.第 4 页

36.Whichofthefollowingispeople'snaturalresponsetopain?A.Theytendtofeelworriedandfrightened.B.Theywanttomakesureitwon'tlastlong.C.Theyprefertoforgetthebadmemories.D.Theytrytofindoutwhatmaycausepain.37.WhatcanbeinferredabouttakingpainkillersfromParagraph2?A.Itleadstoaddictioninashortperiodoftime.B.Itbuildsupthetolerancetopain..C.Itbecomeslesseffectiveovertime.D.Itcuresstomachandliverdiseasesslowly.38.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exhale\"inParagraph3?A.Tobreatheout.B.Tofallasleep.C.Totumyourbody.D.Togetup.39.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoUseYourBraintoManagePain?B.WhatIstheRightWaytoShiftYourAttention?C.WhatIstheCorrectWaytoTakeMedicines?D.HowtoEliminatePainkillers'SideEffects?PassageTwoSwedenisaimingforazero-wastesociety.Thistakesthecountry'srecyclingrevolutiononestepfurther-fromputtingrubbishinlandfills（废物填埋场），torecyclingtoreusing.Itisearlymorning.Before31-year-oldDanielSilbersteingoestohisoffice,hehasseparatedouthisemptycartons（纸箱）intothecontainersinthesharedbasement.ItisjustsomeofthetwotonsofrubbishheandhisfellowSwedesrecycleperpersoneachyear.“Thethingaboutrecyclingisthatit'squiteautomatic.It'sbasicallyathingyounaturallydo,”Silbersteinsays.“Abigpartofitisthinkingaboutwhatkindofenvironmentourdaughterisgoingtohaveinthefuture.Iamakidofthe1990sandnotrecyclingiskindofabnormalforus,butformydaughter'sgenerationitwillhopefullygoevenfurther.Shealreadythinksit'sfuntopushthecartonsintotherecyclingstationwhenItakeherthere.”Themainproblemtodayisthatmanyusedproductsarehardtodealwith.Anewmovementisgaininggroundthatseekstoensureeverythingcanbereusedsomehow.In2017theSwedishgovernmentreformedthetaxsystemsothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsonusedgoods，andaSwedishclothingcompanyoperatesarecyclingprojectwherecustomersgetadiscountuponhandinginoldclothes.Meanwhile,scientistsareworkingonfindingnewclothingmaterialsthatarelessdamagingtotheenvironment.ForDanielSilbersteinandhisdaughterCharlie,thefuturebeginsathome.“Friendsshouldn'tthrowrubbishontheground,\"Charliesays,andherdadagrees:\"Inthefuturewe'II第 5 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

lookattheoldstyleofrecyclingthewaywelookatfossil（化石）fuelsandlandfillsitestoday.Itwillallseemcrazy.40.WhatisthemainreasonforSilbersteintopracticerecycling?A.Toprotecttheenvironment.B.Tosavemoremoney.C.Toobeythelocalrules.D.Tofollowhisfellows.41.WhatisthemainproblemforSwedentobuildazero-wastesociety?A.Theyoungergenerationdoesnotlikeusedgoods.B.Rubbishisoftenthrownontheground.C.Manyusedgoodsaredifficulttohandle.D.Theoldergenerationisnotusedtorecycling.42.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSweden'srecyclingrevolution?A.Thegovernmentencouragespeopletostoreusedgoods.B.Scientistsarefundedininventingnewclothingmaterials.C.Thekidsmustputthecartonsintotherecyclingstation.D.Peoplemaybuynewclothescheaperafterreturningoldones.43.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsbuildingazero-wastesocietyinSweden?A.Approving.B.Disappointed.C.Doubtful.D.Critical.PassageThreeWelcometoStratford-upon-Avon,homeoftheworld'smostfamouswriter,WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）.StratfordisfamousinhistoryformanyoldbuildingsfromtheMiddleAges.OuraimistoattractyoutoexploreourlovelytownfollowingstreetsthatShakespearewouldhaveknownandwouldstillrecognize..Stratford-upon-AvonhasbeenamarkettownsincebeforeShakespeare'sday.Itwasasmallrivercrossinguntilitreceiveditslegalstatusasatownin1196.TheoriginalcrossingwasclosetothesiteofCloptonBridge,oneoftheoldestbridgesinthecountry.After500years,thebridgestillbearstraffic,whichspeaksofthegreatskilloftheoriginalbuilders.Today,westillhaveaflourishingmarket,heldonFridaysandSaturdays.Thetownisalsohosttomanyotherartmarketsthroughouttheyear.TheRoyalShakespeareCompany,oneofthemostfamousactingcompaniesintheworld,islocatedhere.ThetheaterprovidesperformancesofShakespeare'splays.Italsohasmanyperformingworksfromacrossthecenturiesandmanycontemporarypiecesaswell.Ifyouarelucky,youwillseemanyafamousfacewanderingthroughthetownorenjoyingadrinkafterplaysinoneofourmanybars.YoumayenjoyaboattripontheriveroravisittotheButterflyFarm,oneofthelargestofitskindinEurope,whichhascollectionsofmanyextraordinaryinsects.Anenjoyabletimemaybe第 6 页

hadintheBrassRubbingCenter（黄铜拓印技艺中心），whichpromisesthatgreatskillsarenotrequiredtoproduceanunusualsouvenirofyourvisit.Thecenterofthetownhasmanysmallshopsandgalleries.Wehopeyouenjoyyourvisittoourmuch-lovedtownandthatyouwillcomebackagain.44.WhatcanbeinferredaboutStratford-upon-Avon?A.IthasservedasanartmarketsinceShakespeare'sday.B.ItsmarketisclosedonSaturdaymornings.C.Itsstreetshaveremainednearlythesameoverthecenturies.D.ItgaineditslegalstatusasatowninShakespeare'sday.45.Whichplaceshouldyouvisitifyouwanttoobservewonderfulinsects?A.BrassRubbingCenter.B.RoyalShakespeareCompany.C.ButterflyFarm.D.CloptonBridge.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toinformvisitorsoftheplacestobuysouvenirs.B.ToassociateStratford-upon-AvonwithShakespeare.C.ToattractvisitorstotravelinStratford-upon-Avon.D.TointroducethehistoryofStratford-upon-Avon.47.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anovel.B.Atouristguide.C.Aproductcatalog.D.Abiography.PassageFourMyboyfriendreallyenjoyedcanoeing（划独木舟），andittookmeawhiletofinallypersuadehimtotakemeonacanoetrip.Despitehisgreatskill,hewasnervousaboutmysafetyanddescribedmanyterriblesituationsthatcouldhappen.“Theycouldalsonothappen,\"Isaid.IwantedtoprovethatIwastoughandcapableofadventuring.Thiswouldbearomanticadventure.Wewouldrowthecanoeonthelakeunderabeautifulbluesky.Iwasconfidentitwouldallgoaccordingtoplan.Itdidnotgoasplanned.Instead,itallwentdownhill.Wehitaheadwind（逆风）.Thefliesweretheworst.Anunknownanimaloutsideourtentinthenightforcedustogetuptwicetoscareitaway.Wewalkedthroughknee-deepmud;wemovedaroundsomanyfallentreesthatwelostthewayfrequently.Wehadanunexpectedthunderstormonoursecondnight.Wehidinourtentfromthebugs（虫子）,tootiredandbittentoevenholdeachother.Whenwewerefinallybackinthecar,myskinwashotandangrywithbugbites,Ihadbarelysleptin72hoursandIhadaninjuryonmyforeheadfromhittingitonthecanoe.YetIrealizedthatIwantedtodoitallagain.BecauseIswaminalakesowarmitfeltlikeasummerpool.Iatelunchonanislandwiththemostbeautifulpinetrees.I'dalsoneverbefore第 7 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

appreciatedhowthundercanmakethegroundtremble.Iknowwhymyboyfriendlovescanoeingsomuch.It'sforthechallenge,thespace,andthebeautyofmovingforwardwithyourowntwohandsinaplaceofnaturalwonder.Hedidn'tsay“Iloveyou.\"HesaidIwasagoodpartner.I'vefoundsomethingthatIreallyliketodo.That'sthemoreimportantthing.48.Whydidthewriterwanttohaveacanoetripwithherboyfriend?A.Towaitforaproposalofmarriage.B.Toproveshewastougherthanherboyfriend.C.Toshowshehadbasiclifeskills.D.Toproveherabilitytomeetchallenges.49.Whatdoesthesentence“itallwentdownhill”inParagraph3mean?A.Werolleddownthehillinthewind.B.Ourcanoewasturnedupsidedown.C.Thingsbecameworsethanexpected.D.Thingswerebroughtundercontrol.50.Whichofthefollowinghappenedduringtheircanoetrip?A.Theybecameangrywitheachother.B.Theywerewoundedbyawildanimal.C.Theyheldeachothertokeepwarminthetent.D.Theyoftenlosttheirwayintheforest.51.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnExcitingForestAdventureB.AnExtraordinaryCanoeTripC.Canoeing—AnOutdoorSportD.APlaceofNaturalWonderPassageFiveHealthcareexpertshavelongdrawnattentiontotheproblemsofeatingtoomuchsalt.Thereisstrongevidencethatadiethighinsaltcanleadtoraisedbloodpressure.Sincehighbloodpressureisamajorfactorinheartdisease，itmakessensetocutdownonthesaltpeopleeat.Inthepast，foodcontainedverylittlesalt，andpeopleaddedittotheirfoodatthetable.Veryfewpeopleaddsaltthiswaynowadays.However，thesaltcontentofprocessedfoodshasgoneupdramatically.It'snowestimatedthatoverthree-quartersofthesaltintheaveragedietcomesfromprocessedfoods，eatenwithoutourbeingawareofit.Saltisaddedtofoodpartlytoextendshelf-life，butmoreoftenit'sdroppedintomakeupfortheflavorlostinthemanufacturingprocess.Thisisespeciallytrueofreadymealsandhighlyprocessedfoods，butit'salsotrueofsuchbasicfoodasbiscuits，soups，andevenbread.Muchmass-producedbread，forinstance，containssomuchsalt-halfagramforeveryhundredgramsofbread—thatit'sofficiallyclassifiedbytheUKgovernmentashigh—saltfood.Salthastobeaddedtothebreadbecausefastproductioncutsdownthetimefortheflavortodevelop.Withoutaddedsalt，thebreadwouldtastelikepaper.IntheUK,thegovernmenthaslaunchedacampaigntocutdownonthesaltpeopleeat.The第 8 页

UKFoodStandardsAgencyarguesthatnearlyhalfoftheUK'spopulationeattoomuchsalt—9.5gadayonaverage.Itsaimistobringdowntheaverageto6gaday.Theideaistocutthesaltcontentin85keyfoodcategoriessuchasbread,meat,andcakes.52.Whatisthemainreasonforreducingsaltinfood?A.Toimprovetheflavoroffood.B.Todecreasethetimeforprocessingfood.C.Toextendtheshelf-lifeoffood.D.Toprotectpeopleagainstheartdiseases.53.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpeople'suseofsaltinthepast?A.Peopleusedsalttocontrolbloodpressure.B.Peopleatemuchsaltintheiraveragediet.C.Peoplewereclearabouttheharmfuleffectofsalt.D.Peopledidn'teatsomuchsaltaswedotoday.54.Whichofthefollowingisclassifiedashigh-saltfoodbytheUKgovernment?A.Mass-producedbread.B.Light-cookedmeat.C.Sweetbiscuits.D.Freshvegetables.55.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Saltandfoodflavor.B.Saltandpeople'slifestyle.C.Saltandfoodprocessing.D.Saltandpeople'shealth.Ⅴ.DailyConversation（15points）Directions：PickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelowandcompletethefollowingdialoguebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.A.IamfreeonSunday.C.Whereareyouplanningtogo?E.Ineedabreak!G.Thatisalovelyplace.B.Seeyouthen!D.No，thanks.F.Wouldyouliketojoinus?H.Whenshallweleave?Daniel：Howareyoudoing，Linda?Linda：Tobehonest，lamreallytiredofmyworkatthemoment.56Daniel：MyfriendsandIareplanningatriponSunday.57Linda：Sure，I'dloveto.58Daniel：TheGoldenBeach.Wewillhaveapicnicthere.Itwillbefun!Linda：Ican'twait!59Daniel：Eighto'clockinthemorning.We'llpickyouupatyourplace.Linda：Great!60第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共25分）第 9 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

Ⅵ.Writing（25points）Directions：Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteane-mailinabout100-120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation.Remembertowriteitclearly.61.学校将组织一次英语演讲比赛，打算邀请外教（John）来做评委。请你（LiYuan）给他写一封e-mail，内容包括：·邀请他担任评委（judge）；·告知他比赛安排（如：时间、地点等）；·希望他赛后进行点评；·期待他能接受邀请。第 10 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》答案及解析

Ⅰ.Phonetics1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】D4.【答案】B5.【答案】AⅡ.VocabularyandStructure6.【答案】A【解析】句意：——你觉得这部电影无聊吗?——一点也不。这部电影非常棒。terrific意为“极好的”，bitter意为“令人悲痛的”,horrible意为“可怕的,讨厌的”,miserable意为“痛苦的”,故选A。7.【答案】B【解析】句意：等到卡尔退休的时候，他已经在这所大学当了15年校长了。bythetime引导状语从句时，从句如果用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句用将来完成时，故选B。8.【答案】B【解析】句意：厨房里的水管坏了，我们应该尽快把它修好。havesth.done为固定用法，have在这个搭配里是使役动词，意为“使某事被做”，强调某物被动地接受动作，并且可以不标明动作的实施者，只强调接受动作的一方，故选B。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：每次我见到她，她都会对我和我的家人表示关心。showconcernforsb.意为“对某人表示关心”，故选D。10.【答案】A【解析】句意：玛丽要求他把一个月前从她那里借的书还给她。demand后接宾语从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即“demand（that）sb.（should）dosth.”,故选A。11.【答案】A【解析】句意：我们必须接受农村缺乏合格的教师这一事实。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个连词引导同位语从句，且只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分，故选A。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：这个城市有足够多的夜校。不管年龄多大，成年人都可以接受教育。nomatterhow意为“无论怎样”，nomatterwhat意为“无论什么”，nomatterwhen意为“无论何时”，nomatterwhere意为“无论何地”,故选A。13.【答案】C【解析】句意：那些愿意帮助别人的人更可能受到人们的欢迎。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个连词引导定语从句。先行词是those，定语从句中缺少主语，且主语为人，故选C。14.【答案】D【解析】句意：许多年轻人不再买报纸了，因为他们现在都在网上看新闻。stoptodosth.意为“停下来去做另外一件事”,stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故选D。15.【答案】C【解析】句意：苏西的经历很不寻常，因为她在短短一个月内游历了20个国家。sothat意为“所以”，exceptthat意为“除……之外”,inthat意为“因为”,suchthat意为“如此……以至于”，故选C。16.【答案】D【解析】句意：该公司有80名员工，不包括15名外国专家。分析句子可知，空格处需要填第 11 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

一个动词的现在分词形式，且为一般现在时。counting意为“包括，把……算入”,相当于including，故选D。17.【答案】A【解析】句意：除了孩子们睡觉后的时间，这位年轻的母亲几乎没有机会学习。hardly意为“几乎不”，almost意为“几乎”,only意为“仅仅”,nearly意为“差不多”,故选A。18.【答案】A【解析】句意：知道考试结果后，她失望地站在教室门口。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个非谓语动词，know的逻辑主语是she，两者之间是主动关系，因此应用动词的现在分词形式。动词不定式表示将来，过去分词形式表示被动，均不符合题意，故选A。19.【答案】D【解析】句意：天然气可以作为煤和石油的替代品，因为它更环保。option意为“选择”，extra意为“额外的事物”,addition意为“增加物”,alternative意为“替代物”,故选D。20.【答案】B【解析】句意：图书管理员仔细检查了一下，发现书架上少了几本书。leaking意为“泄露”,missing意为“失踪，不在”,losing意为“损失”，dropping意为“掉落”，故选B。Ⅲ.CLoze21.【答案】D【解析】本句句意：然而，在成年后的某个时期，开始缓慢衰退。moreover意为“而且”,besides意为“此外”,therefore意为“因此”，however意为“然而”。根据句意，故选D。22.【答案】B【解析】本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。falls意为“降落”，turns意为“转变”,stays意为“保持”,seems意为“似乎”。根据句意，故选B。23.【答案】C【解析】本句句意：他们的头发经常变白，皮肤出现皱纹，肌肉开始萎缩。grow意为“生长”,develop意为“发展”，shrink意为“收缩”,fade意为“褪色”。根据句意，故选C。24.【答案】A【解析】本句句意：他们的短期记忆可能会受到影响，也经常丧失部分视力或听力。lose意为“丧失，失去”,harm意为“伤害”，protect意为“保护”，improve意为“提高”。根据句意，故选A。25.【答案】B【解析】本句句意：科学家们还不太确定是什么导致了衰老。simply意为“简单地”，exactly意为“确切地，正确地”，purely意为“纯粹地”,strictly意为“严格地”。根据句意，故选B。26.【答案】D【解析】本句句意:身体可能有一个时间限制,这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健康多久。label意为“标签”,lack意为“缺乏”,link意为“联系”,limit意为“限制”。根据句意,故选D。27.【答案】A【解析】本句句意：身体可能有一个时间限制，这个时间限制将决定细胞能保持健康多久。healthy意为“健康的”,bright意为“明亮的”,stable意为“稳定的”,secure意为“安全的”。根据句意，故选A。28.【答案】D第 12 页

【解析】本句句意：根据动物的种类和生存环境的不同，动物的衰老速度和寿命也不同。livewith意为“与……同居”，liveon意为“靠……生活”，livein意为“居住在”,livefor+一段时间意为“生存多久”。根据句意，故选D。29.【答案】D【解析】本句句意：生活在良好的动物园里的动物，食物充足，免受捕食者的伤害，通常比生活在野外的同类寿命更长。clothed意为“穿衣”,trained意为“训练”，behaved意为“表现”,fed意为“喂养”。根据句意，故选D。30.【答案】D【解析】本句句意：同样，生活在富裕国家的人通常比生活在贫穷国家的人寿命长。finally意为“最终地”,mostly意为“通常”,commonly意为“通常”,similarly意为“同样地”。根据句意，故选D。31.【答案】A【解析】本句句意：同样，生活在富裕国家的人通常比生活在贫穷国家的人寿命长。分析句子可知，空格处需要填一个代词指代people。that和those都可以用来代替前面提到的名词，但that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数，those指代可数名词复数。因为people为复数名词，故选A。32.【答案】D【解析】本句句意：一些其他的因素也会影响人们的寿命和生活质量。judge意为“判断”,form意为“构成”,cause意为“造成”,affect意为“影响”。根据句意，故选D。33.【答案】B【解析】本句句意：在一些家庭中，似乎很多成员都很长寿。friends意为“朋友”,members意为“成员”，races意为“种族”，names意为“名字”。根据句意，故选B。34.【答案】C【解析】本句句意：基因也可能决定人们是否会患上某些疾病。take意为“拿”,make意为“制作”,get意为“获得，患上”,cause意为“造成”。根据句意，故选C。35.【答案】D【解析】本句句意：那些头脑活跃、经常和朋友交流的人会觉得更年轻，也可能更长寿。calm意为“平静的”，clever意为“聪明的”，firm意为“坚定的”，active意为“活跃的”。根据句意，故选D。IV.ReadingComprehension36.【答案】A【解析】文章第一段第二句提到，强烈的恐惧和焦虑是至关重要的即时反应，使你尽可能避免疼痛的来源。故选A。37.【答案】C【解析】文章第二段第二句提到，你的身体也可能会对药物产生抗药性，随着时间的推移，药效会越来越弱。故选C。38.【答案】A【解析】根据上文可推测，exhale与breathein对应，互为反义词。故选A。39.【答案】A【解析】文章第一段提到疼痛与压力、记忆和恐惧有关。第二段提到止痛药在短期内能起到作用。第三段提到深呼吸能够减少疼痛带来的紧张感。第四段提到转移注意力会减轻疼痛。最后一段提到这一系列的行为都是在积极地对抗疼痛感，而不是让疼痛感主宰你的思想。所以，文章主要讲的是如何用你的大脑来控制疼痛。故选A。40.【答案】A第 13 页

２０２１年成人高考专升本《英语》真题及解析

【解析】文章第四段第一句提到，西尔伯斯坦之所以进行废物回收主要是考虑到将来后代的生活环境。由此可知，他进行废物回收是为了保护环境。故选A。41.【答案】C【解析】文章第五段第一句提到，如今面临的主要问题是，许多使用过的产品很难处理。故选C。42.【答案】D【解析】文章第五段第三句提到，2017年，瑞典政府改革了税收制度，让人们可以以更低的价格修理旧物品，瑞典一家服装公司实行了一个回收计划，顾客上交旧衣服时可以获得新衣服的折扣。故选D。43.【答案】A【解析】整篇文章都在描述瑞典为实现建立零浪费社会这一目标而采取的行动，因此作者是很支持这一行为的。故选A。44.【答案】C【解析】文章第一段最后一句提到，我们的目的是吸引你沿着莎士比亚曾经熟悉的并且仍然能认出的街道，去探索这个可爱的小镇。由此可推测，这里的街道几个世纪以来几乎一直维持原样。故选C。45.【答案】C【解析】文章第四段第一句提到，斯特拉特福德镇的蝴蝶农场是欧洲最大的蝴蝶农场之一，那里收集了许多奇特的昆虫。故选C。46.【答案】C【解析】文章开篇点题，第一段第三句提到，我们的目的是吸引你沿着莎士比亚熟悉的街道，去探索这个可爱的小镇。故选C。47.【答案】B【解析】文章第一段介绍埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德镇是莎士比亚的故乡。第二段介绍埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德镇的现状。第三段介绍皇家莎士比亚剧团。最后一段介绍小镇上的景点。由此可见，这篇文章最有可能摘自一个旅游指南。故选B。48.【答案】D【解析】文章第一段最后一句提到，作者想证明自己是坚强的，并且有能力去冒险。故选D。49.【答案】C【解析】前文提到事情没有按计划进行，后文提到我们遇到了逆风，说明事情变得比预期的更糟糕。故选C。50.【答案】D【解析】文章第三段第五句提到，我们走过齐膝深的泥泞，也经常迷路，绕着倒下的树打转。故选D。51.【答案】B【解析】第一段提到作者说服她的男朋友带她去划独木舟。第二段提到作者期望这是一次浪漫的冒险。第三段提到事情并没有计划中的那么顺利，他们经历了迷路、雷雨等意外事件。第四段提到作者理解她的男朋友为什么喜欢划独木舟，因为这是一种挑战。因此文章主要讲的是一次特别的独木舟之旅。故选B。52.【答案】D【解析】文章第一段第二、三句提到，强有力的证据表明，高盐饮食会导致血压升高，由于高血压是引发心脏病的一个主要因素，因此人们应减少盐的摄入量。故选D。53.【答案】D【解析】文章第二段提到，过去食物中的含盐量很低，人们只会在做饭的时候加入适量的盐，第 14 页

而现在的加工食品的含盐量过高，人们日常饮食中超过四分之三的盐来自加工食品。因此过去人们盐的摄入量比现在要少。故选D。54.【答案】A【解析】文章第三段第三句提到，批量生产的面包含盐量很高，每100克面包含半克盐，因此批量生产的面包被英国政府正式列为高盐食品。故选A。55.【答案】D【解析】文章第一段提到摄入过多的盐可能会导致高血压、心脏病。第二段提到现在人们盐的摄入量比过去多。第三段提到在食品中添加盐，部分是为了延长保质期，但更多时候是为了弥补在制造过程中失去的味道。第四段提到英国政府发起了一项减少人们盐的摄入量的运动。由此可知，文章主要讨论了盐的摄入量与人们的健康相关。故选D。V.DailyConversation56.【答案】E57.【答案】F58.【答案】C59.【答案】H60.【答案】BVI.Writing61.略第 15 页