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考研英语词汇高效记忆

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考研英语词汇高效记忆：常用前缀

2019考研英语词汇高效记忆：常用前缀 1、a-

① 加在单词或词根前面，表示\"不，无，非\" acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的) asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的)

amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意：immoral不道德的) apolitical. 不关政治的(a+political政治的) anemia 反常的(a+nomal正常的+ous)

② 加在单词前，表示\"在…，…的\" asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉) aside 在边上(a+side旁边) ahead 在前地(a+head头) alive 活的(a+live活) awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗)

2、ab-,abs-加在词根前，表示\"相反，变坏，离去\"等

abnormal 反常的(ab+normal正常的) abuse 滥用(ab+use用→用坏→滥用) absorb 吸收(ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉)

absent 缺席的(ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的) abduct 诱拐(ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐) abject 可怜的(ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的)

abstract 抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉) abstain 戒绝(abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝) abscond 潜逃(abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃) abscind 废除(abs+cind剪切→切掉→废除) abscise 切除(abs+cise剪→剪掉→切除)

abstinence 节制;禁欲(abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除，禁欲)

3、ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示\"一再\"等加强意

accelerate陪伴(ac+company伙伴→陪伴) accentuate加速(ac+celer速度→一再增加速度) accomplish强制(ac+cent唱歌→一再唱出→强调) accumulate积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累) accustom使习惯(ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗)

addict上瘾，入迷(ad+dict说→一再说起→对……入迷) additive上瘾的(addict的形容词)

adduce引证，举例(ad+duce引导→一再引导→举例说明) affable亲切的(af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切) afford买得起(af+ford拿出→一再拿出→买得起) affirm肯定(af+firm坚定→肯定)

aggression侵略，进攻(ag+gress走+ion→一再往前走→进攻) aggrandize扩大(ag+grand大→一再大→扩大[权力]等) aggravate恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重) announce通告(an+nounce通知→通告) appal使震惊(ap+pal白色→[脸]变白→受惊) applause鼓掌(ap+pease赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌) appreciate欣赏(ap+reci价值+ate→一再给价→欣赏) appoint指定，任命(ap+point指→指定) arrange安排(ar+range排列→安排)

arrest逮捕，阻止(ar+rest休息→不让动→逮捕) arrive到达(ar+rive河→到达河边→达到目标) assault进攻(as+saul跳→跳起来→进攻)

assiduous勤奋的(as+sid坐+uous→一再坐着[学习] →勤奋) assist帮助(as+sist站→站过来→帮助)

associate联合，结合(as+soci社团+ate→结成团队→联合) assimilate吸收;同化(as+simil相同+ate→成为相同→同化) assure肯定;确信(as+sure确定→一不再确定→肯定) attach附上;依恋(at+tach接角→接触上→附上) attain达到;获得(at+tain拿住→获得) attend(at+tend关心→关心到了→出度) attract吸引(拉→拉过来→吸引)

attest证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)

4、ad-加在在单词或词根前，表示\"做…，加强…\"

adapt适应(ad+apt能力→有适应能力)

adept熟练的(ad+ept能力→有做事能力→熟练的) adopt收养;采纳(ad+opt选择→选出来→采纳) adhere坚持(ad+here粘→粘在一起→坚持) adjacent邻近的(ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的) adjoin贴近;毗连(ad+join参加→参加在一起→贴近) administrate管理;执行(ad+ministr部长+ate→做部长→管理) admire羡慕(ad+mire惊奇→惊喜;羡慕)

adumbrate预示(ad+umbr影子+ate→[将来的]影子出现→预示) adjust调整(ad+just+正确→弄正确→调整) adventure冒险(ad+venture冒险)

admonish告诫，警告(ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告) advent来临，来到(ad+vent来→来到)

5、amphi-表示\"两个，两种\"

amphibian两栖动物(amphi+bi生命+an→两个生命→两栖动物) amphicar水陆两用车(amphi+car车→两用车)

6、an-在词根前，表示\"不，无\"

anarchism无政府主义(an+arch统治+ism→无统治→无政府主义) anharmonic不和谐的(an+hamonic和谐的→不和谐的) anechoic无回声的(an+echo回声+ic→无回声的) anonymous匿名的(an+onym名字+ous→匿名的)

7、ana-表示\"错误，在旁边，分开\"

analogy类比;类似(ana+logy讲话→再旁边讲→讲一样的东西→类似) analogous类似的(analogy的形容词) analysis分析(ana+lysis分开→分开来→分析)

8、ante-表示\"前面，先\"

antedate提前写日期;先于，早于(ante+date日期→提前写日期) anterior前面的(ante+erior[…的] →前面的)

antecedent(aute+ced走+ent→走在前面的[事] →前事)

9、anti-表示\"反对，相反\"

antiwar反战的(anti+war战争) antipathy反感(anti+pathy感情)

antithesis对立;反论(anti+thesis论文;观点) antibacterial 抗菌的(anti+bacterial细菌的) antibody抗体(anti+body身体)

10、人，人类-anthrop(o)

anthropology[anthropo人类，-logy…学者]人类学 anthropologist[anthropo人类，-logist…学者]人类学者

anthropogeography[anthropo人类，gegoraphy地理学]人类地理学 anthropomorphous[anthropo人，morph形，-ous…的]有人形的，似人的 anthroposociology [anthropo人类，sociology社会学]人类社会学

1. emissions /ɪˈmɪʃn/

n. （光、热、烟、气、分泌物、体液等的）散发, 发射

Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.（2016年12月真题） 2.tend /tend/ v. 照料, 照管（某人/某事物)

常用短语：tend to/towards sth：朝某方向

In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family. （2017年6月真题） 3.rate /reɪt/

n.比率; 率；价值/费用或价格的量度；常用短语：at `any rate 无论如何; 不管怎样

Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.（2016年12月真题） 4.potential /pəˈtenʃl/

adj. 可能存在或出现的; 潜在的

n. 潜在性；可能性，常和介词for搭配使用

There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers（2016年6月真题） 5.credit /ˈkredɪt/

n.赊购; 赊购制度;（某人银行帐户中的）存款数额；称赞，赏识，表扬常用短语：credit for sth 称赞赏识表扬

Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards.（2015年6月真题）

6.access /ˈækses/ n. （接近或进入某地的）方法; （使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利，常和介词to搭配使用 v.存取（计算机文件）

The US government believes that its access to people's iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.（2017年12月真题） 7. issue /ˈɪʃuː/

n. 重要的议题; 争论点; 争端；发出，分发；结果常用短语：

(the matter, point, etc) at issue 讨论或争议中的（问题﹑ 争论点等） have issues (with sb/sth)：与某人有分歧，或接受某事、某人有困难 v.将某物发给﹑ 供给或分配给某人使用;发出; 颁布; 公布

In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.（2015年12月真题） 8.evidence /ˈevɪdəns/

n. 根据; 证据; 证词；迹象；痕迹 evidence (to do sth/that...):…的证据/根据 (be) in evidence 显而易见的; 清楚的; 明显的

So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. （2016年6月真题）

9.behavior /bɪ`heɪvjər/

n. 行为方式；待人态度；举止；又写作behaviour

Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.（2016年12月真题） 10.advertising /'ædvərtaɪzɪŋ/ n.广告业; 做广告, 登广告; 广告

Since these services rely on advertising revenue, the more frequently you use them, the more money they make.（2017年12月真题） 1.demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n/v. 要求; 请求 demand for sb to do sth demand for sth/that...

in demand：非常需要，受欢迎的

Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. （2011年6月真题） 2.survey /səˈveɪ/

v/n. 仔细全面地观察(某物/某人);全面研究（及论述）;调查（某部分人）的行为﹑ 意见等 Look at any global survey of gender equality and Sweden will be near the top.（2014年6月真题） 3. involved /ɪnv'ɒlvd/ n. 有关的, 牵扯在内的；常和介词in搭配：

be/get involved in被卷入某事或某种局面

Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.（2016年6月真题） 4.recession /rɪˈseʃn/ n.（经济）衰退; 不景气

Government's failure to perform this role in the early 1930s transformed recession into depression.（2013年6月真题） 5.obesity /əʊ'bɪːsətɪ/ n. 肥胖; 肥大

Statistics for 2008-2010 show that 16 states are experiencing steep increases in adult obesity, and none has seen a notable downturn in the last four years. （2012年12月真题） 6. inequality /ˏɪnɪˈkwɔlətɪ/

n. （大小﹑ 程度﹑ 环境等）不均等, 不平等, 不平衡, 不等量（尤指等级﹑ 财富﹑ 机会等的不公平差异）

Economic inequality is the \"defining challenge of our time,\" President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. （2015年12月真题） 7. debt /det/ n. 债务; 欠款

be in/out of debt 欠/不欠债

Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens.（2015年6月真题） 8. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/

n. 危机; （疾病﹑ 生命﹑ 历史等的）决定性时刻

He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America's Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis.（2013年6月真题） 9.competition /ˏkɔmpəˈtɪʃn/ n.比赛; 竞赛;

competition between/with sb for sth 竞争;角逐: the competition 竞争者; 对手

Many schools don't place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.（2017年6月真题）

10. community /kəmj'uːnɪti/ n. 社区; 团体; 集体; 社会

宗教信仰﹑ 种族﹑ 职业等方面相同的人构成的集体; 有共同利益的集体 community centre 社区活动中心

Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people.（2016年6月真题） 1.demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n/v. 要求; 请求 demand for sb to do sth demand for sth/that...

in demand：非常需要，受欢迎的

Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. （2011年6月真题） 2.survey /səˈveɪ/

be/get involved in被卷入某事或某种局面

Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.（2016年6月真题） 4.recession /rɪˈseʃn/ n.（经济）衰退; 不景气

Government's failure to perform this role in the early 1930s transformed recession into depression.（2013年6月真题） 5.obesity /əʊ'bɪːsətɪ/ n. 肥胖; 肥大

n. （大小﹑ 程度﹑ 环境等）不均等, 不平等, 不平衡, 不等量（尤指等级﹑ 财富﹑ 机会等的不公平差异）

Economic inequality is the \"defining challenge of our time,\" President Barack Obama declared in

a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. （2015年12月真题） 7. debt /det/ n. 债务; 欠款

be in/out of debt 欠/不欠债

Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens.（2015年6月真题） 8. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/

n. 危机; （疾病﹑ 生命﹑ 历史等的）决定性时刻

competition between/with sb for sth 竞争;角逐: the competition 竞争者; 对手

Many schools don't place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.（2017年6月真题）

10. community /kəmj'uːnɪti/ n. 社区; 团体; 集体; 社会

宗教信仰﹑ 种族﹑ 职业等方面相同的人构成的集体; 有共同利益的集体 community centre 社区活动中心

Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people.（2016年6月真题） 1.concerned /kən`sɜrnd/

动词原形concern v. 涉及，关系到 n. 关心，忧虑

be concerned about/for sth关心，忧虑某事 be concerned with：对…感兴趣

Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children's grades as long as they work hard.（2017年6月真题） 2. focus /ˈfəukəs/

v. 集中（于某事物）；使…集中于一点常用搭配：focus on sth

The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food.（2016年6月真题） 3. efforts /ˈefət/

n. （做某事物使用的）力量和精力；努力，奋斗常用短语：effort to do sth

The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.（2016年6月真题） 4. suggest /səˈdʒest/

v.提议，建议；暗示，意味着；想到

On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. （2016年6月真题） 5. professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业（上）的; 从事某职业的;

n.具有某专业资格的人; 从事某专业的人; 专业人士

What's the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China? India? Brazil? How about trade?（2011年12月真题） 6. immigrants /'ɪmɪgrənt/ n. 移民

Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets.（2011年6月真题） 7. gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/ n. （生理上的）性别分类, 性

Whether in nursery school, high school, or the business world, gender segregation narrows our perceptions of each other, facilitating stereotyping and sexist attitudes. （2014年12月真题） 8. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/

v. 鼓励或支持;帮助（某事物）发展; 激励; 促进

40.It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.（2016年6月真题） 9. attached /əˈtætʃ/

v. 将某物系在﹑ 缚在或附在（另一物）上 attached to sb/sth：依恋/ 爱慕/留恋某人/某物

attach sth to sth：将…与…相联系; 将…归于另一事物 attach importance/significance etc to sth：认为…是重要的

There are also dozens of summer camps--many attached to universities--that aim to prepare elite math students. （2017年6月真题） 10. primary /ˈpraɪmərɪ/

adj. （在时间或发展顺序上）初始的, 最早的, 开端的, 起步阶段的；首要的; 基础性的; 根本的

primarily adv.主要地

As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.（2016年6月真题）铅笔分割线

1.depression /dɪˈpreʃn/

n. 忧愁; 沮丧; 消沉；经济萧条期

the (Great) Depression 美国经济大萧条时期

Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon（霓虹灯） sign. （2016年12月真题） 2. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种; 种；种类; 类型 the human species 人类

A species once extinct is gone forever.（2015年12月真题） 3. facilities /fəˈsɪlətɪ/ n. 容易学好或做好事物的能力

常用复数facilities表示“能够或易于做某事的环境﹑ 设备等; 辅助物”

Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers

effectively become sewers (下水道).（2016年6月真题） 4. especially /ɪ`speʃli/ adv. 特别; 格外; 尤其; 主要

The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?（2017年12月真题） 5. efficiency /ɪ`fɪʃnsi/

n. 效率, 有效, 效能；常和介词of搭配使用

But anything that can increase farming efficiency—the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land—will be extremely useful. （2015年6月真题） 6. decades /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年

Apple stands to win as well, hooking more young consumers with decades of technology purchases ahead of them. （2013年6月真题） 7. immigration /'ɪmɪgr'eɪʃən/ n. 外来的移民; 移居入境

According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.（2011年6月真题） 8. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ v. 向...挑战, 怀疑, 要求; 挑战, 反对 n. 挑战, 盘问

They find that low-income students have less access due to challenges with regard to transportation, non- nominal fees, and off-campus safety. （2014年12月真题） 9. senior /ˈsiːnɪə(r)/

adj. 较年长的；n. 较年长的人；高年级学生

Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and four-year institutions. （2013年12月真题） 10. negative /ˈnegətɪv/ adj. 否定的, 负的, 消极的

One analyst suggests it is necessary to accept both the positive and negative aspects of innovative products.（2016年12月真题） 1.quit /kwɪt/

v. 停止；辞职；离开；退出 quit doing sth. 停止做某事

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.（2017年6月真题） 2. positive /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/

adj. 确定的；积极的；乐观的；正面的

Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. （2016年12月真题） 3. mental /ˈmɛn(t)l/ adj. 智力的，内心的；精神健康的 to go mental (about sth); （因某事）发疯

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.（2016年6月真题） 4. focus / ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 使聚焦；使集中 n. 重点；调焦装置

Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems?（2015年12月真题） 5. compared /kəmˈpɛr/ v. 比较; 把…比作；相比

to compare with sb/sth; 与某人/某事物相比较to compare A and or with or to B; 把A比作B Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. （2014年12月真题） 6. chance /tʃɑːns/ n. 机会; 可能性；运气 by chance偶然

there's a chance (that) …; 有可能…

a chance to do sth or of doing sth; 做某事的机会

Your identity has been formed; you’ve built up your resources; and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure. （2017年6月真题） 7. access /ˈækˌsɛs/ n. 入口；机会；探视权常用短语：

to obtain or get or gain access to sth; 获得进入某处的机会

The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. （2015年6月真题） 8. retirement /rəˈtaɪ(ə)rmənt/ n. 退休；退休生活

Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.（2015年6月真题） 9. rates /reɪt/

n. 速度；比率；价格；工资；复数形式rates表示房地产税 v.评估，给…划分等级

Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. （2015年6月真题） 10. particular /pəˈtɪkjʊlə/

adj. 特指的; 特定的; 特别的；挑剔的

Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved.（2015年12月真题）

1.quit /kwɪt/

v. 停止；辞职；离开；退出

quit doing sth. 停止做某事

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.（2017年6月真题） 2. positive /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/

adj. 确定的；积极的；乐观的；正面的

there's a chance (that) …; 有可能…

a chance to do sth or of doing sth; 做某事的机会

to obtain or get or gain access to sth; 获得进入某处的机会

Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.（2015年6月真题） 9. rates /reɪt/

n. 速度；比率；价格；工资；复数形式rates表示房地产税

v.评估，给…划分等级

Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. （2015年6月真题） 10. particular /pəˈtɪkjʊlə/

adj. 特指的; 特定的; 特别的；挑剔的

Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved.（2015年12月真题）

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