第9讲-句子成分&句子结构 2021年中考英语语法提升训练 (讲解+训练)

句子成分&句子结构

句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

句子成分 主语 (Subject) 谓语 (Predicate) 表语 (Predicative) 宾语 (Object) 说明 一个句子的主要成分，即句子所述说的主体。一般放在句首，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或短语等充当。 表述主语的动作或状态。说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，通常在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。 表述主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词组或短语等充当。表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。 句子中动作的承受者，在及物动词后，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或短语等充当。有的动词后面可接双宾语，含常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语。 He told me a story. 宾语补足语 (Object Complement) 用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或不定式充当。 They make me very sad. I see you play basketball every day. 用来修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词、He is a good soccer player. 副词、名词、介词短语、不定式或形容词的词组或(Attributive) 短语充当。 The weather there was beautiful. Many people all over the world like it. 状语 (Adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词组或短语来充当。 She is singing in the room. The students worked hard. We visited Dai Temple in the daytime. His mother found him a clever boy. We had a big dinner in a local restaurant. I want to make a room reservation. Kangkang feels disappointed. They were in school yesterday. Can I help you? I have so many problems in the new city. Michael likes the stone animals. Miss Wang is a teacher. I made fish curry and bread. Maria cuts the meat finely. She is crying in the bathroom. 例句 定语

句型结构：

1. S + V + P（主语+系动词+表语）

Michael’s mother sounded worried. 迈克尔的妈妈听起来很担心。 S V P You look excited. 你看上去很兴奋。 S V P

注：谓语动词为连系动词，常见的系动词有be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, remain, stay, become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove, run, feel等。 2. S + V（主语+谓语） They arrived. 他们到了。 S V

A guard was coming and shouting. 一个警卫边走边喊着。 S V

注：谓语动词为不及物动词，常见的不及物动词有apologize, appear, arrive, come, disappear, happen, rise, work, swim, cry, jump, lie等。 3. S + V + O（主语+谓语+宾语） I miss you. 我想你。 S V O

I need your advice. 我需要你的建议。 S V O

注：谓语动词为及物动词，常跟一个宾语，常见的动词有accept, admire, affect, admit, cover, defeat, defend, devote, discover, enjoy, explain, forget, invent, raise等。 4. S + V + IO + DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语） She tells me jokes. 她给我讲笑话。 S V IO DO

We gave them some money. 我们给了他们一些钱。 S V IO DO

注：谓语动词为及物动词，接双宾语，常见的动词有bring，give, hand, pass, pay, post, promise, return, sell, send, serve, show, teach, tell等。 5. S + V + O + OC（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）

We should keep the classroom clean. 我们应该保持教室干净。 S V O OC

The class made him monitor. 同学们让他当班长。 S V O OC

注：谓语动词为及物动词，宾语有修饰语，宾语补足语可为形容词、不定式、名词、名词短语、现在分词、过去分词。

句子成分&句子结构训练

一、单项选择。从各题的选项中选出正确答案。

( ) 1. 【2017·宜宾中考】 — Is this your book?

— No. It’s not _____. It’s_____.

A. my; his B. mine; hers C. me; him ( ) 2. 【2017·青岛中考】 — Which is your new English teacher?

— The young lady _____ red over there. A. at B. in C. on

( ) 3. 【2017·宜宾中考】There _____ a basketball match in our school this afternoon. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have ( ) 4. 【2017·宜宾中考】Two months _____ a long time. We can visit our

grandparents during the vacation. A. am B. is C. are

( ) 5. 【2017·宜宾中考】I don’t know when he _____ back. Please tell me when he ____ back. A. comes; comes

B. comes; will come C. will come; comes

( ) 6. 【2017·乐山中考】 — Oh, no! We’ve missed the 9 o’clock train!

— _____ . There’s another one in half an hour. A. Don’t worry B. Hurry up C. Give me a break

( ) 7. 【2017·成都中考】 Jim studies better than Tom, but Tom is _____ and he has

more friends. A. friendly B. more friendly C. the most friendly

( ) 8. 【2017·青岛中考】 — _____ do you go to a movie? — Twice a week.

A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far

( ) 9. 【2017·青岛中考】Jane is afraid to travel by plane. She always feels _____ when getting on it.

A. nervous B. interested C. relaxed D. happy ( ) 10. 【2017·青岛中考】 Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _____ to drive a car.

A. are allowed B. is allowed C. will be allowed D. allow

( ) 11. 【2017·青岛中考】 These oranges look nice, but _____ very sour. A. feel B. taste C. look D. sound

( ) 12. 【2017·上海中考】Some exchange students _____ with their host families this time yesterday.

A. are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted

( ) 13. 【2017·上海中考】Nowadays people wish to have _____ food than before as their life improves.

A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest

( ) 14. 【2017· 苏州中考】— Jack, why have you decided _____ Chinese folk music

as a course?

— To learn more about Chinese culture. A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take ( ) 15. 【2017·苏州中考】 As soon as she _____ at home, Sally knew she had bought the wrong dress.

A. handed it in B. tried it on C. cut it out D. made it up ( ) 16.【2017·南充中考】— Are you thirsty?

— Yes, please give us _____. A. three bottle water B. three bottle of water C. three bottles of water D. three bottles of waters

( ) 17. 【2017·南充中考】 — I know old Joe lives _____.

— We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then he won’t feel _____.

A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone D. alone; lonely ( ) 18. 【2017·苏州中考】 — He is too short to be a successful basketball player. —_______. Every dog has its day. A. I think so B. It’s hard to say C. That’s right D. You’d better not ( ) 19. 【2017·南充中考】 — Don’t throw litter here! — _____.

A. Yes, please B. You’re welcome

C. Me, too D. Sorry, I won’t ( ) 20. 【2017·凉山中考】 — There _____ a party tomorrow evening. Would you like to go with me? — I’d love to. ( ) 28. 【2017·武汉中考】— I don’t like reading _____ watching TV. What about you? — I don’t like reading all day, _____ I like watching TV news.

A. and; or B. and; and C. or; and D. or; but A. is B. has

C. is going to have D. is going to be ( ) 21. 【2017·渝北中考】Please _____ the dog for me while I’m away. A. look at B. look after C. look up D. look out

( ) 22. 【2017·渝北中考】— Are these your keys? — Yes, they are _____. A. I B. me C. my

D. mine

( ) 23. 【2017·渝北中考】 My sister is _____. She likes making friends. A. shy

B. serious C. outgoing D. quiet

( ) 24. 【2017·渝北中考】We often exercise to keep _____.

A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. unhealthy ( ) 25. 【2017·渝北中考】 There are some people _____ soccer in the park. A. play B. plays C. playing

D. to play

( ) 26. 【2017·渝北中考】Lin Tao isn’t here now. He _____ to Qingdao. A. goes B. went C. has been

D. has gone

( ) 27. 【2017·渝北中考】— Would you like something to eat? — _____ I’ve had enough. A. Yes, I would.

B. Yes, please.

C. No, I wouldn’t. D. No, thanks.

( ) 29. 【2017·武汉中考】Even though we’re in difficult times, we need to keep hope _____. A. real B. alive

C. fresh

D. close

( ) 30. 【2017·武汉中考】 — I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric. — Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand _____ on prices.

A. news B. knowledge C. information

D. education

( ) 31. 【2017·武汉中考】 My elder brother_____ my wet sports shoes and made me sit by the fire. A. took off B. kicked off C. carried out D. put out

( ) 32. 【2017·温州中考】Simon looks worried because he _____ a writing

competition and now he’s waiting for the result.

A. enters B. entered C. will enter D. is entering

( ) 33. 【2017·河南中考】His name is James, but he usually calls _____ Jim. A. he

B. him

C. his

D. himself

( ) 34. 【2017·河南中考】 If you fight

hard, know who you are, and are proud of who you are, you’ve got a good _____ of winning.

A. choice B. chance C. decision D. direction ( ) 35. 【2017·河南中考】Miho is _____ student because she was born later than anyone else in her class. A. young B. younger C. the younger D. the youngest

( ) 36. 【2017·河南中考】 — Jimmy, where are my glasses? I have looked everywhere.

— Oh, Granny. They are _____ on your nose. A. even B. well C. right D. ever ( ) 37. 【2017·河南中考】 The plane _____ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather. A. ran

B. moved C. shook D. remained

( ) 38. 【2017·河南中考】Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _____ sure we don’t break anything.

A. make B. made C. to make

D. making

( ) 39. 【2017·扬州中考】Bryan will not want to have _____ to do with horses in the future.

A. everything B. something

C. anything

D. nothing

( ) 40. 【2017·扬州中考】 Mrs. White is _____ enough to spend her spare time on our maths problems.

A. confident B. curious C. wise D. generous ( ) 41. 【2017·盐城中考】I felt much _____ after I told the problems to my close friends.

A. good B. well C. better D. best

( ) 42. 【2017·长沙中考】 The desk _____ four sides.

A. there is B. there are C. has

D. have

( ) 43. 【2017·永安中考】— There’s a hole in your bag.

— I know, I’m going to have it _____. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended

( ) 44. 【2017·邵阳中考】 I found the door _____ when I got home.

A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open ( ) 45. 【2017·怀化中考】 With a lot of difficult problems _____, the

newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

( ) 46. 【2017·郴州中考】 When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _____.

A. beat B. to be beating

C. beating D. was beating

( ) 47. 【2017·郴州中考】He managed

to make himself _____ with his _____ English.

A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken

( ) 48. 【2017·连云港中考】The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _____.

A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing

( ) 49. 【2017·连云港中考】She was glad to see her child well _____ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking ( ) 50. 【2017•南京中考】There _____ a lot of traffic at this time of day, so you’d better _____ more careful.

A. has; be B. have; been C. is; be D. are; are ( ) 51. 【2017·苏州中考】 How many people _____ in your family? A. do you have B. are there C. you had

D. there are

( ) 52. 【2017·黄石中考】 There _____

an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them. A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

( ) 53. 【2017·黄石中考】 There isn’t any bread on the table, _____? A. is there

B. isn’t there

C. has there D. was there

( ) . 【2017·武汉中考】There _____ a talk about American country music in our school tonight.

A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to has D. will be

( ) 55. 【2017·武汉中考】There _____ sheep in the field.

A. is small B. are much

C. are a few D. are a little

( ) 56. 【2017·武汉中考】— The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has _____ of the fat.

— It suits me fine. I’m on a diet. A. none B. neither C. any D. some ( ) 57. 【2017·苏州中考】 There are _____ in the room.

A. a man teacher B. some man teachers C. some men teachers D. some mans teachers ( ) 58. 【2017·泰州中考】There _____ some _____ in the glass. A. is; milk B. are; milk C. is; milks D. are; milks

( ) 59. 【2017·宿迁中考】 There are _____ people in the USA than in China. A. many B. a few C. fewer D. a fewer

二、根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. My grandparents ________ (marry) for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

2. Neither Jim nor Tom ________ (be)

Australia before, but they know the country very well.

3. Dad doesn’t always come to you. You have to fight and save ________ (you). 4. Dogs ________ (shall) run through soccer games at the park. It’s dangerous.

5. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by ________ (their) next Sunday.

6. — How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?

— Oh, I have never enjoyed a ________ (good) one before.

7. Look at the “No Photos” sign. You ________ (should) take photos in the art museum.

8. The harder we study, the ________ (good) result we will get.

9. — Hurry up! Jack ________ (wait) for you to play basketball. — OK. I’m coming.

10. — Waiter, a glass of orange juice, please. — Sorry. Orange juice ________ (serve) only for breakfast.

11. It’s said that a new bridge ________ (build) in my hometown in 2018.

12. My little brother didn’t go to bed until he finished ________ (do) his homework last night.

13. ________ (drive) carefully, please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead. 14. They are talking about the football match ________ (happy). They have so many fun things to share with each other.

15. Shared bikes, which are environmentally friendly, ________ (become) quite popular among big cities in China since last April. 16. He has volunteered ________ (offer) a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010. 17. To keep children away from danger, we warn parents ________ (leave) children at home alone.

18. I ________ (play) football quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

19. — Linda is not coming for the party tonight.

— But she ________ (promise).

20. The old building ________ (take) down to make room for the city library a year ago. 21. If you ________ (be) able to come, I will show you around my hometown.

22. Eleven Chinese films ________ (show) during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month.

23. I hope ________ (get) higher marks next time.

24. Don’t forget ________ (bring) your homework to school tomorrow.

25. The teacher ________ (teach) us some new songs yesterday.

26. She often ________ (read) letters for her grandma because she can’t read. 27. There ________ (be) an eraser and two pens on the table.

28. There ________ (be) a fashion show at the club yesterday.

29. Lucy got the last ticket to the concert. How ________ (luck) she was. 30. I read today’s newspaper, but there ________ (be) anything new in it.

31. There ________ (be) great changes in our city in the past ten years.

32. There ________ (be) a hospital near our school for years.

三、根据句意从括号中选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。

1. My mother cooks delicious food every day. I have ________ (put on/put up) some weight. 2. My little sister is a(n) ________

(attractive/curious) girl and she always asks me different kinds of strange questions. 3. He got up to get some hot water but found there was ________ (little/a little) left in the bottle.

4. Look! There ________ (is/are) a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper! 5. Over 10,000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ (on/by) May 7th, 2017.

6. There are many tall trees on ________ (both/all) sides of the river.

7. For our safety, we must ________

(follow/make) the traffic rules on the way to school.

8. In a soccer game, it’s important for players to play together and ________ (hand out

/bring out) the best in each other. 9. — Dad, I’ll be in the final singing competition tomorrow.

— Be careful not to get a sore throat and ________ (break/lose) your voice.

10. He used to arrive late last year, but now he ________ (do/did).

11. The teacher asked the students ________ (make up/make in) a story about a trip to the moon.

12. — I don’t know where to go this summer vacation.

— Why not ________ (consider/suggest) visiting Jingzhou? There are many places of interest.

13. — Don’t ________ (put away/ throw away) the waste paper. We can collect and recycle it. — You’re right. Everyone should be a greener person.

参、

一、

1-5 BBBBC 6-10 ABCAA 11-15 BCBDB 16-20 CDBDD 21-25 BDCBC 26-30 DDDBC 31-35 ABDBD 36-40 CDCCD 41-45 CCCDC 46-50 CDBCC

51-55 BAADC

56-59 ACAC

二、

1. have been married 2. has been to 3. yourself 4. shouldn’t 5. themselves 6. better 7. shouldn’t 8. better 9. is waiting 10. is served 11. will be built 12. doing 13. Drive 14. happily 15. have become 16. to offer 17. not to leave 18. play 19. promised 20. was taken 21. are 22. were shown 23. to get 24. to bring 25. taught 26. reads 27. is 28. was 29. lucky 30. isn’t 31. has been 32. has been 三、

1. put on 2. curious 3. little 4. is 5. on 6. both 7. follow 10. doesn’t 11. to make up 12. consider 13. throw away

8. bring out 9. lose