北京市2018年中考英语题型专项复习：阅读理解 (20篇,含答案)

What can/cannot be collected as hard rubbish:

●We collect clothes, floor covering, wooden doors and furniture(家具).

●TVs, fridges, building materials, glass, car parts, green waste, paints and chemicals, etc. can’t be collected.

Booking your hard rubbish collection:

We have weekly collections of hard rubbish. You can book your collection when it suits you.

Call us on 9298 8000 between 8 am and 5 pm Monday to Friday. Putting your hard rubbish out:

Make sure you place your hard rubbish out of your house, e.g. in your front yard(院子) before the collection day. If not, you cannot look the collection again.

……………………………………………………………………………

If you would like to read more information on hard rubbish collection, you can visit www.wmrubbishmanagement.com.

If you have advice on hard rubbish collection, please contact us on 5518 3555 or visit us at 511 Burwood Highway.

1. The company offers free hard rubbish collection service for each family _____. A. once a week

B. twice a year D. once a month

C. three times a year

2. What can be collected as hard rubbish? A. Glass.

B. Fridges.

C. Clothes.

D. Chemicals.

3. Before the collection day, you have to _____. A. put at your hard rubbish into a box B. call 5518 3555 to book the collection C. put the hard rubbish out of your house D. fill in the form on the company’s website

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是某公司的垃圾回收业务，包括回收什么种类的垃圾，怎样联系公司以及把垃圾放在什么地方等信息。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：该公司为每个家庭免费回收垃圾。根据第一段第二句“WM Rubbish Management Service Company collects it twice a year for free from each family.”可知，该公司每年两次为每个家庭免费收集垃圾。故选B。

2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：什么东西可以作为硬质垃圾回收？根据第二段第二句“We collect clothes, floor covering, wooden doors and furniture（家具）.”可知,该公司回收服装。故选C。

3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在垃圾收集日之前，你必须。根据第四段第一句“Make sure you put your hard rubbish out of your house, e.g. in front of your yard（院子）before the collection day.”可知,在垃圾收集日之前，要确保把垃圾放在室外。故选C。

Passage 2（2017—2018学年度西城区第一学期期末）

California

Hollywood

You can stand in the footprints of Johnny Depp at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre and then meet his model（蜡像）, along with Hugh Jackman, Lance Armstrong, and Brad and Angelina, all at Madame Tussauds. Santa Cruz

Go to the Santa Cruz Surfing Museum, which is in a lighthouse, and see surfboards including one eaten by a shark. Next stop, the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk for a ride on the Giant Dipper roller coaster. Venice Beach

This is where skateboarding started, so you must visit the famous skate park right on the beach. Also watch the bodybuilders at Muscle Beach Gym, which is where Arnold Schwarzenegger started his career. Los Angeles

Have you ever wanted to record yourself? Now you can visit the fantastic Grammy Museum. You can also learn how to dance like Michael Jackson, and find out about the connection among different music styles.

1. If you want to stand in the footprints of Johnny Depp, where can you go?

A. Los Angeles. B. Hollywood. C. Venice Beach. D.Santa Cruz.

2. People must visit the skate park on Venice Beach because ______. A. skateboarding was started there B. many famous people go there C. they can learn how to dance there D. there are roller coasters to ride on 3. The passage is probably a(n)_______. A. bedtime story C. school notice

B. letter from an old friend D. introduction for tourists

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍加利福尼亚的四个旅游景点。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果你想站在Johnny Depp的脚下，你可以要去哪里？根据第一个表格中“You can stand in the footprints of Johnny Depp...”可知，如果你想站在Johnny Depp的脚下，你可以要去Hollywood。故选B。

2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：人们必须在Venice Beach参观溜冰场，因为。根据第三个表格中“This is where skateboarding started, so...”可知，人们必须参观Venice Beach的溜冰场，因为Venice Beach是滑板开始的地方。故选A。

3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章可能是一则。通读全文内容，根据文章主旨大意可推知，本文可能是一则旅游简介。故选D。

Passage 3 （2017～2018学年度东城区第一学期期末）

Money in the Bank

“Jamila, I just found a five-dollar bill on the table,” said Mrs.Johnson. “Is that your money?” Jamila looked up from the book she was reading. “Oops. I emptied my pockets before I left for soccer practice yesterday. I was running late, so I didn’t have time to take the money up to my room.” Jamila’s mom handed her the bill and watched as her

daughter placed it in her book.

Jamila went back to read. A moment later, she heard her mother give a deep sigh(叹息). “Jamila, you just put that money in your book. I’m quite sure that you won’t be able to find it when you need it. You are working so hard to save for a new bicycle. I don’t want you to lost any of your hard-earned(辛苦挣得的) money. Don’t you have a piggybank?”

Jamila nodded. “I have one, but the key doesn’t work and I can’t get the money out. Some of my money is in a jar(罐子) on my desk. Some is in a box on my bed. I might also have some in other books.”

Mrs.Johnson smiled at Jamila. “It looks like it’s time for you to get your own bank account(账户)，” she said. “Do you want to go to the bank with me?”

Jamila jumped up. “Will the account be in my own name?” she asked excitedly.

“Of course,” answered her mom. “You might be surprised by how much you have when your money is all in one place. At least you’ll know where it all is.”

At the bank, Jamila and her mother opened a savings account. The banking manager explained how the money in the savings account would earn interest. The longer the money stayed in the account, the more interest it would earn.

Jamila was surprised to learn that she could earn money just by

saving her money in a savings account. “I wish I had done this a long time ago,” she winked at her mom. “Maybe I’d have already saved enough to buy my bike.”

1. Where did Jamila put the money after her mother handed it to her? A. In her pocket. C. In a jar.

B. In a piggybank. D. In her book.

2. Mrs.Johnson thought Jamila should have a bank account because _______.

A. it could encourage Jamila to work harder for her new bicycle B. Jamila put money everywhere and might lose some of it C. the money in a savings account could earn interest D. Jamila spent much more than she earned

3. How did Jamila feel when she knew she could earn money by sawing money in the bank? A. Sorry.

B. Proud.

C. Surprised.

D. Confused.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是一位妈妈因女儿将钱到处乱放而教导女儿在银行开账户存钱，并取得利息的故事。

1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：杰米拉在母亲把钱递给她后，把钱放在哪里？根据第二段最后一句“Jamila’s mom handed her the bill and watched as her daughter placed it in her book.”可知,杰米拉把钱放在书里。故选D。

2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：约翰逊太太认为杰米拉应该有一个银行账户，因为。根据第三段第四句“I’m quite sure you won’t be able to find it when you need it.”可知,杰米拉把钱到处乱放，会弄丢的。故选B。

3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：杰米拉在知道把钱存在银行会挣钱后感觉怎么样？根据最后一段首句“Jamila was surprised to learn that she could earn money just by saving he money in a savings account.”可知,在得知把钱存在储蓄账户中就可挣钱时，杰米拉很吃惊。故

选C。

Passage 4（2017—2018学年度西城区第一学期期末） Tonya Andrews is a math teacher in Texas. For 16 years, she loved her dear pet cat Blondie very much and wanted to spend as much time with her as possible. It is totally understandable that she had a special feeling for Blondic because she’d saved her from a building in Forth Worth. But recently, shortly after she and her husband had realized that Blondie seemed to be getting sick, the elderly cat died in her arms on her way to the pet hospital. Naturally, Mrs. Andrews was heartbroken.

After Blondie’s death, Mrs. Andrews went to work every day, feeling upset. She couldn’t help but share the sad news with some of her students at Joshua High School in Joshua, TX, and shortly after, a few of the girls in her class came up with a few surprises to cheer her up. As one student filmed the moment, the girls first gave her some white roses, followed by cupcakes and balloons to express their care. Mrs. Andrews seemed touched, but it was their next surprise that deeply moved her and that everyone was talking about.

All that the shocked teacher could seem to say was,“Are they for me?”as she held the baby cats named Missy and Girlie.

“I knew something was going on when only half of my class was in my room, second period the next day when the bell rang,”Andrews told the Huffington Post, feeling thankful. “Then she held them out to me and

said they were mine. My heart can now experience happiness again.”

What the high school students did is really meaningful, especially for people who have gone through loss, like Tonya Andrews. The good news is that it certainly looks like it was worth all the efforts. Tonya Andrews finally was happy when her students did kind things for her. 1. Why did Mrs.Andrews have a special feeling for Blondie? A. Because Blondie got sick. B. Because she was always lonely. C. Because Blondie was her first pet. D. Because she saved Blondic from a building. 2. What did Mrs.Andrews do after Blondie died? A. She shared the sad news with her students. B. She bought two baby cats, Missy and Girlie. C. She got into an argument with her husband. D. She gave up her job at Joshua High School.

3. According to the passage, what are Mrs.Andrews’ students like? A. Confident and honest. C. Humorous and active.

B. Understanding and caring. D. Brave and strong-willed.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Tonya Andrews的宠物猫死了，她非常沮丧和伤心，但她的学生做了一些有意义的事情让Tonya Andrews感到高兴，重新振作了起来。 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么Andrews女士对Blondie有一种特殊的感情？根据第一段第三句“...because she’d saved her from a building in Forth Worth.”可知Tonya Andrews对Blondie有一种特殊的感情，是因为她把它从一个建筑物里救了出来。故选D。 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在Blondie死后，Andrews女士都做了什么？根据第

二段第二句“She couldn’t help but share the sad news with some of her students...”可知，在Blondie死后，Andrews女士把这个悲伤的消息与她的学生们分享了。故选A。

3. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：依据本文内容，Andrews的学生们是一个怎样的人？通读全文内容可推知，Andrews的学生们是善解人意的和关怀人的。故选B。

Passage 5 （2017—2018学年度海淀区第一学期期末）

Finally Home

Last year, my parents moved to this town. I had to go to a new school and found no one to be friends with because I wasn’t interested in the topics most of my classmates liked.

“Maybe I’ll never have real friends,” I thought.

I closed my eyes and imagined playing my drums. Suddenly, I heard the sound of a guitar.

I followed the sound and found out that was a band. I recognized the guitar player at my first sight and so did he.

“Hey, you’re Cassie from my class!” his voice surprised me. “I’m sorry,” I said. “I just haven’t heard any live music in this town before! You sound great—did you guys write that song?”

“Yeah—well, we’re still working on it. I’m Matt.” He stood up and held out his hand.

“Mind if I listen in?” I asked in a low voice.

“Not at all,” Matt said, smiling. “Maybe you can give us some suggestions!”

The song was pretty good and I could really improve it with my drum skills. Behind my drum set was the one place I felt completely like

myself. But I wasn’t sure if I wanted to open that door to the world.

“Hey, do you play drums?” Matt asked suddenly.

His question surprised me. How did he know? And then I followed his eyes to my hands, which had been beating a rhythm(节奏) on the floor. I tried to say no, but my heart stopped me from refusing. “Sure, I’ve been playing for a few years,” I said finally.

“Oh, wow! You’ve got to join us!” Matt said. “I have some drums over here.”

I looked at their shiny faces. “Absolutely. I would love to play!” I replied.

“One, two, three, four!” Matt counted and began singing, and I knew I was finally home.

1. When the writer first went to a new school, she _____. A. joined a music club

B. had no close friends D. developed a new hobby

C. could play the guitar

2. How did the writer feel when Matt asked if she played drums? A. Surprised.

B. Scared.

C. Worried.

D. Excited.

3. The writer said she was finally home because______. A. she learned to play the drums B. she decided to leave the town C. she loved her home very much D. she made some friends finally

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者擅长打鼓，她刚到新的学校时，找不到可以交友的人。一个偶然的机会她发现一些同学在练习音乐，最后她因为这个爱好找到了自己的朋友。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当作者初次进入新的学校时，她。根据第一段第二句中“found no one to be friends with”可知，她找不到可交朋友的人。故选B。

2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当Matt问她是否能打鼓时，作者感觉怎么样？根据倒数第四段首句中“His question surprised me.”可知，作者为此感到惊讶。故选A。 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者说她终于找到了家，因为。阅读短文可知，作者因为对于音乐的爱好而找到了一群志同道合的朋友，所以作者说她找到了家。故选D。

Passage 6 （2017-2018学年度朝阳区第一学期期末） Charles Dickens was an English writer. He was born in 1812. He created some of the world’s best-known characters and many readers think he is the most important writer of the Victorian era (1837—1901). Some of his famous novels are Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations. Most people in his novels lived in London.

In 1824, Dickens’ father went to prison(监狱) because he couldn’t pay money to someone. In those days, a man’s wife and young children went to prison with him. Charles was 12, so he left school to work in the prison. Life was hard, and a lot of children worked in those days. Dickens’ own experience helped him to write about poor children without a mother or a father. Dickens’ success began with the publication (出版) of The Pickwick Papers in 1836. And his book Oliver Twist is about a boy without a father. Important people were more interested in the problems of poor people after reading Dickens’ books.

Dickens’ novels are often very long and he wrote them in different

parts for a newspaper each week. His novels have a lot of exciting and sad things in them. He wanted his readers to buy the newspaper every week. And the readers wanted to finish the story! Dickens’ novels are popular because many of his stories are about social(社会的) problems and family life. Dickens was successful in writing and he has been praised by other writers for his style and characters. 1. When was Charles Dickens born? A. In 1812.

B. In 1824.

C. In 1836.

D. In 1901.

2. Where did Dickens work when he was 12? A. In the prison. B. At a school.

C. On a farm. D. In an office.

3. Dickens’ novels are popular because ______. A. they have a lot of exciting and sad things B. they are about social problems and family life C. he has been praised for his style and characters D. he is the most important writer of the Victorian era

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国作家Charles Dickens 的生评以及他的著作的特点。

1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Charles Dickens何时出生？根据文中第一段第二句“He was born in 1812.”可知他在1812年出生的。故选A。

2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Dickens 12岁的时候，他在哪里工作？根据文中第二段第三句“Charles was 12， so he left school to work in the prison.”可知他在监狱里工作。故选A。

3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Dickens 小说出名的原因是。根据文中第三段第五句“Dickens’ novels are popular because many of his stories are about social（社会的） problems and family life.”可知他的作品出名的原因是著作的故事大多与社会问题与家庭生活有关。故选B。

Passage 7 (2017～2018年度丰台去区第一学期期末) Mr. Guo is a teacher from Xi’an. He asked his students to hand in their homework through a QR code（二维码）. “We spent an hour or two in class learning how to generate（使产生） the codes, and in the end everything gets easier,”said Guo.“When students finish the homework, they keep it on WeChat（微信）. Then, each student makes his own QR code and gives it to me. So I can check their work everywhere using my computer or telephone. ”

The QR codes can be sent to Mr. Guo by email, QQ and WeChat. When Guo scans（扫描） his students’ QR codes, their homework appears on his phone. He finds that their homework becomes more creative, with many pictures, music and even videos.

Guo’s students like the new way and think it is interesting. “We are living in the information age. Many students like to work with computers, which makes learning more fun.”said Tingting, a student of Guo’s.

“The paper is not easy to keep, but the code is easy to keep and share,”Guo said.“It is worth trying to use new technology in education. Education itself is a kind of creation. I don’t want my students to fall behind the times.”

However, some parents are worried. They are afraid that their children will spend too much time on computers and less time communicating with teachers. But in fact, it’s unnecessary. Students still

need to look up information in books and write it down when they do their homework. They only use the code when they hand in their work, which doesn’t take them too much time. Also for teachers, it allows them to check the students’ work at any time. And it’s also an easy way to share homework with other students.

1.Guo’s students think the new way is _____. A. Important

B. interesting

C. strange

D. boring

2.Some parents are worried, because they think their children will _____. A. talk with their teacher face to face B. find the QR codes too difficult to use C. hate the new way of handing in homework D. spend too much time on computers or phones 3.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Some parents are worried about their children. B. Teachers don’t need to check homework any more. C. Using QR codes makes checking homework easier. D. Students don’t need to hand in homework any more.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了西安的郭老师利用二维码，随时随地通过电子邮件、QQ和微信检查学生的作业。尽管家长们有些担心孩子们会在电脑上花费过多的时间，但是郭老师认为新技术值得被用于教学中，他的学生们也不应该落后于时代。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：郭老师的学生们认为这种新方法很。根据第三段第一句“Guo’s students like the new way and think it is interesting.”可知郭老师的学生们认为这种新方法很有趣。故选B。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：一些父母很担心，因为他们认为他们的孩子会。根据最后一段第二句“They are afraid that their children will spend too much time on computers and

less time communicating with teachers.”可知，父母们担忧孩子们在电脑上花费更多的时间，并且花费更少时间和老师的沟通。故选D。

3. C【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的主旨是什么？通读全文可知文章主要介绍了利用二维码使检查作业更容易。故选C。

Passage 8 (2017—2018学年度怀柔区区第一学期期末) My friend Mary came to school wearing a brand-new pair of Zee jeans. “Your new Zee jeans are so cute!” I said.

“My grandma took me clothes shopping last weekend,” Mary said. “The Zee jeans were on sale. They have cool pockets and are unbelievably comfortable. When you’ re at my house after school, try them on and see for yourself.”

“Hmm.” I didn’t think so. But when I tried them on, I couldn’t help agreeing.

“I’m totally taking these!” I said. As soon as I got home, I told my mom that I had to get some Zee jeans.

Mom said, “You already have three pairs of perfectly good jeans. There is no way Dad and I are paying that much for a pair of pants. If you want to buy them with your own money, I would be happy to make a long list of extra chores you can do.”

“I’ll start this minute,” I said.

It took me three weeks to save enough money. I changed kitty litter, watched my little brother and sister, and cleaned refrigerator. The refrigerator cleaning was the worst because one of the shelves fell while I was taking everything out. Food and milk splashed all over the floor. It

took me one and a half hour to clean it up!

Anyway, I finally bought my Zee jeans, and I loved them even more than I thought I would. I loved them half because they had cool pockets and super comfortable, and half because I had worked so hard to earn the money to buy them myself.

1. Who bought the new Zee jeans for Mary? A. Her mother. C. Her friend.

B. Herself. D. Her grandmother.

2. Why did Mom not want to buy a pair of Zee jeans to the writer? A. She didn’t like the writer. B. She thought the writer was lazy.

C. She thought that the writer had enough jeans. D. She didn’t have enough money. 3. How did the writer buy the new jeans? A. She got money from her mom. B. She made money by doing housework. C. She borrowed money from Mary.

D. She asked her grandma to buy them for her.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我的朋友穿了一条新的牛仔裤，我也想买，用了三个月的时间来攒钱，最后买上了。

1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁给玛丽买的新牛仔裤？根据第二段第一句“My grandma took me clothes shopping last weekend.”可知祖母给玛丽买的新牛仔裤。故选D。

2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么妈妈不想给作者买一条新牛仔裤呢？根据第四段第一句“You already have three pairs of perfectly good jeans.”可知妈妈认为她的牛仔裤已经

不少了，即足够多了。故选C。

3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者怎买的牛仔裤？根据第四段最后一句“If you want to buy them with your own money, I would be happy to make a long list of extra chores you can do.”以及第五段第一句话“It took me three weeks to save enough money.”可知作者通过做家务攒够了足够的钱以后，自己买的新牛仔裤。故选B。

Passage 9 （2017～2018学年度东城区第一学期期末） Note-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork-everything from taking tests to researching a paper.

If your teacher writes notes on the board, that’s bonus: You can copy them down. If not, write down the most important points in class. For example, does your history teacher mention the date of the Second World War? Or repeat a piece of information? Write it down! It can take time to learn how to listen to the key information, so keep trying and don’t give up.

If you want to write down every word that’s said in class, you’ll be mad. So it’s necessary to develop your own signs, for example, “pics” for “pictures,” or “hw” for “homework”. They can help you take notes more quickly. And if you pay too much attention to getting your notes right, you might miss listening to what the teacher is saying. Don’t be afraid to ask the teacher to repeat something you miss. If you don’t want to ask in class, see your teacher after class.

It is easy to miss information while taking notes, so compare your notes to what the textbooks says—you can add to your notes as you read. Go over your notes with a friend and compare what the two of you have

put down. It will make you two be able to notice mistakes and reinforce what you’re learning. It can also help you remember information when it’s time for a test.

Even if you don’t have a test coming up, you’d better look over your notes within 24 hours of taking them. Your brain will start absorbing(吸收) the information while it is still fresh in your mind. Then when you study in the days before a test, you will be able to recall the information much better. Instead of simply reading your notes to yourself, say them aloud. Studies show that speaking aloud helps in memorization. When you speak, try paraphrasing(意译) sometimes rather than reading directly. Paraphrasing and speaking aloud requires your brain to do more work, making it more likely that you will understand what you’re studying.

Good note-taking takes time. But the time you spend writing and reviewing notes pays off. Not only can this help you do better in a test, it’s also a great confidence supporter when you’re studying and find yourself saying, “Hey, I remember that!”

1. If a teacher doesn’t write notes on the blackboard, students should ______.

A. read the textbook and underline the important points B. write down the information repeated by the teacher C. listen carefully without taking notes D. copy a friend’s notes in class

2. What can we learn from the passage?

A.Writing down words in short helps avoid missing important information.

B. Students should try their best to make sure the notes are right in class. C. Reading the notes aloud can help students find out mistakes in notes. D. Students need to spend time practising the skills of taking notes. 3. What’s the fifth paragraph mainly about? A. The ways to review notes.

B. The skills of correcting notes. D. The necessity of taking notes.

C. The methods to perfect notes.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了笔记的重要性，并给出了记笔记的建议。 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果老师不在黑板上写什么东西，学生们应该。根据第二段第二句“If not, write down the most important points in class.”可知,如果老师不写，就把课上的最重要内容抄写下来。故选A。

2. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从本文中我们知道什么？根据最后一段首句“Good note-taking takes time.”可知,记好笔记需要时间。故选D。

3. D【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第五段大意是什么？根据第五段第二句“Your brain will start absorbing（吸收） the information while it is still fresh in your mind.”可知及时复习有助于吸收这些信息。故本段说的是笔记对复习的必要性。故选D。

Passage 10（2017—2018学年度西城区第一学期期末） Zoos are hugely popular attractions for adults and children alike. But are they actually a good thing?

Those people who are against zoos, would argue that animals often suffer（遭受痛苦）physically and mentally by being enclosed. Even the best man-made environments can’t come close to matching the space, diversity（多样性）, and freedom that animals have in their natural homes.

This causes many zoo animals to become sick. Catching animals in the wild also causes much suffering by separating with dolphinh family. Some zoos make animals behave unnaturally. For example, ocean parks often force dolphins and whales to perform. These sea animals may die years earlier than their wild relatives.

On the other hand, by bringing people and animals together, zoos can educate the public about animal protection and encourage people to save animals and their homes. Some zoos provide a safe environment for animals which have been mistreated in circuses, or pets which have been given up and no longer wanted. Zoos also carry out important research into subjects like animal behavior and how to treat illness.

One of the most important modern functions of zoos is supporting international breeding（繁衍）programs, especially for endangered species（物种）. In the wild, some of the species have difficulty in finding mates and breeding, and they might also be hurt or even killed by people. A good zoo will enable these species to live and breed in a safe environment. In addition, as numbers of some wild species drop, there is an increased danger of populations becoming too genetically（基因上） similar. Breeding programs provide a safeguard: zoo-bred animals can be put into the wild to increase genetic diversity.

However, those people who are against zoos say that many zoo-bred animals are not put back into the wild. A lot of animals are sold not only

to other zoos but also to circuses in the US or wild parks in South Aften, these some people are willing to pay a lot of money for the chance to kill a helpless animal. Often, where animals are familiar with humans and have very little chance of escaping.

So, are zoos good for animals or not? Perhaps it all depends on how well zoos are managed, and the benefits of zoos can surely outweigh their harmful effects. However, it is understandable that many people believe enclosing animals for any reason is simply wrong.

1. According to Paragraph 2, some sea animals may die earlier than wild relatives because _____.

A. they were born in the ocean park B. they don’t have enough living space C. they are forced to behave unnaturally D. they suffer from family separation

2. What is the main purpose of international breeding program? A. To increase genetic diversity. B. To protect mistreated animals. C. To free enclosed animals.

D.To do research on animal behavior. 3. What’s the author’s opinion for zoos? A. He doubts the value of zoos.

B. He is a true supporter of all kinds of zoos.

C. He is against the idea of having zoos around. D. He sees the importance of the zoo management.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。动物园对动物来说是好还是坏，不同的人给出了不同的观点。

1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第二段内容，有些海洋动物可能比它们的野生亲戚更早死亡，因为。根据第二段中“Some zoos make animals behave unnaturally...”可知，有些海洋动物可能比它们的野生亲戚更早死亡，因为他们被迫不自然地表现。故选C。 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：国际繁衍项目的主要目的是什么？根据第四段最后一句“zoo-bed animals can be put into the wild to increase genetic diversity.”可知，国际繁殖项目的主要目的是增加基因的多样性。故选A。

3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对动物园的观点是什么？根据最后一段中“Perhaps it all depends on how well zoos are managed...”可推知，作者认为动物园对动物到底是好还是坏，主要取决于动物园的管理者如何对待动物。选项D符合题意，故选D。

Passage 11 （2017—2018学年度海淀区第一学期期末） Nowadays, many teens are badly addicted to using phones. It probably won’t surprise you that teens are texting more than ever before.

Instead of sleeping, Kenny Alarcon, 16, often texts with his friends through the night. Frances Garcia, a high school senior, sends and receives about 1000 texts each day. Both Frances and Kenny wake up several times during the night to text. Kenny even sleeps with his phone under his pillow.

Dr.Elizabeth Dowdell, a professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, says that it’s common for teens to be interrupted by texts while sleeping. “If they often lose sleep,” Dr.Dowdell says, “teens may become angry, or depressed. A lack of sleep can lead to weight gain and even obesity because many people turn to junk food for quick energy

when they are tired.”

Some experts are worried about how texting is affecting teenagers’ lives. One concern is that students might not learn correct grammar and spelling if most of the writing they do is made up of text messages. Some people also worry that teens don’t spend enough time talking with others face-to-face, which could be hurting their relationships with friends and family. Moreover, all that texting takes away hours that could be spent studying, exercising, taking up a hobby, or just relaxing.

According to Dr. Dowdell, teens need to learn that they can and should turn off their phones sometimes. She had Kenny and Frances do an experiment. These were the rules: No phone for 48 hours. No computer or Internet either, unless it was for schoolwork.

After 48 phone-free hours, Kenny and Frances were interviewed. “Wow, it was pure torture(折磨),” Kenny joked. Kenny missed his friends, and he was sad at times. But he also felt relief from the constant texting. He spent time reading books and talking with his family, which he really enjoyed. Frances had an even happier result. “I loved it!” she said, “I was going to the gym and hanging out with friends and playing basketball. I had a wonderful experience.” Frances decided to continue the experiment for a while. “I think I’ll be so much smarter and healthier,” she explained, “everybody in the world should try it.”

1. If teens keep waking up to text while sleeping, they may _____.

A. get overweight

B. become happier D. feel more relaxed

C. disturb their parents

2. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Mistakes in teens’ text writing. B. Time wasted on meaningless texting. C. Worries about how texting affects teens. D. Encouragement to teens’ talking face-to-face.

3. The writer mentions the experiment on Frances and Kenny to _____. A. advise people what to do without phones B. show teens can live well without phones C. explain phones are important in teens’ lives D. introduce how they make good use of phones

【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文，文中主要谈到了手机对青少年的不良影响，并通过一个实验表明，离开手机，青少年也能过得很好。

1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在他们睡觉时，如果青少年坚持醒来发短信，他们可能。根据第三段最后一句中“A lack of sleep can lead to weight gain and even obesity”可知，这会导致青少年身体增重甚至是超重。故选A。

2. C【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：第四段主要与什么有关？根据本段首句“Some experts are worried about how texting is affecting teenagers’ lives.”以及本段描述可知，本段主要讲述的是“专家们担心发短信影响青少年的生活”。故选C。

3. B【解析】写作目的题。题干意为：作者提及有关Frances和Kenny的实验来。根据最后一段中关键词“he also felt relief”和“Frances had an even happier result.”可知，作者提及这个实验是为了说明青少年没有手机也能过得很好。故选B。

Passage 12 （2017-2018学年度朝阳区第一学期期末） Next time you hear yourself wishing for something better in your life, remember the word “SMART”. When you’ve decided to take action,

read the following first.

S is for specific(具体的): For example, instead of setting a goal (目标) of “I want to lose weight”, set yourself a specific goal like “I want to lose five kilograms”. If you want to climb a high mountain, start your research, set a date and train for the climbing fitness.

M is for measurable (可测量的): Don’t try to “become healthy”, instead, set a goal that can be measured while carrying out an improved eating, exercise or lifestyle plan. For example, try to go to the gym for an hour three times a week, to visit your grandma once a week for an evening meal, or to eat no more than 200 grams of chocolate a week.

A is for achievable(可完成的): If you’ve never exercised in your life, don’t try to take part in the Olympics in 2020. Rather, get walking with a specific goal of how many steps to take a day. No need to try for the stars—baby steps are good.

R is for relevant (恰当的): Many of us choose goals that seem right, but are in fact wrong. They may go on for a few weeks before they fail. Try to avoid making the same mistake—rather choose goals that really speak to you.

T is for time-conscious (心中有数的): Finally, be very clear in your mind about how much time you are giving yourself to achieve the goal. That way, you know when you’ve succeeded, failed or whether you need to work harder to finish it before the last day.

1. According to the passage, the writer tells us how to _____. A. lose weight

B. take exercise C. set a goal

D. spend time

2. What does the word “SMART” mean in the passage? A. Five exercise plans. C. Five training steps.

B. Five suggestions. D. Five big letters.

3. Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A. Specific numbers should be included in the goals you set. B. You should begin with small steps while achieving a goal. C. In order to make the goal fit for you, you should be careful. D. More time should be given for you to achieve your goal.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在设定一个目标时可以遵循的“SMART”原则。 1. C【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：根据文章，作者告诉我们如何。根据文章第一段最后一句“When you’ve decided to take action...”以及下文中“set a goal”。可知选C。

2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“SAMRT”在文章中是什么意思？文章结构是总分结构，第一段最后提到read the following first,所以说“SMART”是五个关于当要采取行动时的建议。故选B。

3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章下面哪一个不对？根据文章最后一段“be very clear in mind about how much time you are giving yourself to achieve the goal.”可知达到目标所需要的时间应该是合理的。故选D。

Passage 13 (2017～2018年度丰台区第一学期期末) “Joe, did you book your ticket yet?” I asked. “No. I changed my mind. I’m not going to go.”“What? You aren’t going to Australia? We’ve been planning this vacation for months!”“Yeah, I don’t feel like it. We’ll go some other time.”

Over the coming weeks, I tried to get my friend to reconsider, but

failed. Our trip to Australia was off. And none of my friends wanted to replace him. If I wanted to travel, it would have to be on my own.

It’s taught me that if I wait for others, I’ll never go anywhere. But there are places I want to visit, people to see, experiences to have, and food to try—and only so much time to achieve it all. So I refuse to wait. I won’t let others keep me from realizing my dreams. It can be scary travelling alone, especially then you’ve never done it before. But, to me, growing old without experiencing everything you want from life is more frightening.

If you’re been putting off a trip because you’re waiting for someone to go with—stop. Just go. Don’t let others hold you back from your dreams. Trust me, along the way you’ll make plenty of friends. More than that, travelling alone gives you real freedom. You wake up and it’s just you—what you want, where you want, when you want. In that freedom and great space of possibility, you meet yourself.

It’s sink or swim and you have to learn how to survive—who to trust, how to make friends, how to find your way around alone. That’s the greatest reward（奖赏） of travelling alone. Each time you go away, you learn to become a little more independent and confident.

Travelling alone is not for everyone. Some people return home soon after starting off, some cry for weeks before accepting it, and others just accept it right away. But you’ll never learn that if you don’t travel once

by yourself. Whether a weekend away, a two-week vacation, or a trip around the world, try it at least once.

1.What does the writer think is more frightening? A. Travelling alone for the first time. B. Changing your mind all the time. C. Waiting for others during a long trip. D. Failing to experience life in your growth.

2.The underlined words “hold you back from your dreams” in Paragraph 4 probably mean“______”. A. get you out of trouble

B. stop you from travelling D. wake you up from your dream

C. keep you waiting for them

3.According to the writer, the best reward of travelling alone is _____. A. the experience of travelling B. the freedom to go anywhere C. the chance to taste delicious food D. the possibility of meeting new people 4.The passage is mainly about__________. A. where to travel

B. when to travel D. why to travel alone

C. how to travel safely

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。爱旅行爱自由的你，愿意因等待他人而耗费时间浪费掉假期不去出游吗？让我们在一个人旅行中，遇见真实的自己并练就强大的内心吧！

1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者认为什么是最令人害怕的？根据第三段最后一句“But, to me, growing old without experiencing everything you want from life is more frightening.”可知，对作者来说，随着年龄的增长，没有人生中的体验更可怕。

2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：第四段画线短语“hold you back from your dreams”的意思可能是“”。根据第四段第一句“If you’ve been putting off a trip because you’re waiting for someone to go with—stop. Just go.”可知如果你已经因为等待某人而推迟了旅行，那么停止等待，直接走吧。故选B。

3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据作者所表达的意思，独自旅行的最好的奖励是。根据第五段第一句“It’s sink or swim and you have to learn how to survive—who to trust, how to make friends, how to find your way around alone.”和第二句“That’s the greatest reward（奖赏） of traveling alone.”可知，独自旅行最大的奖励就是它教会我们，你要学会如何生存——该相信谁、怎样交朋友、一个人如何找路等这些旅行的经验。故选A。

4. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了为何要独自旅行。

Passage 14 (2017—2018学年度怀柔区第一学期期末)

Songs help memories

Most people can remember important news stories clearly, whether it was the murder of President Kennedy in the US or 9/11.But now psychologists Martin Conway and Catriona Morrison, from the University of Leeds in the UK, are investigating how music can create “autobiographical memories” of the main events in our lives. The study is online. People have to choose a song by the Beatles and describe the memories that they have when they listen to it.

Reminiscence bump

Morrison explained that they looked at different age groups and their memories. We often remember more from when we are teenagers and this is called “the reminiscence bump”. This is the time in your life when you form your idea of who you are. For older people who have memories related to the Beatles’ music, most of those memories are from when they

were teenagers. But younger people also had clear personal memories from their past.

She loves you

This study was different from other memory studies, because people remembered events from their past with lots more details. Morrison explained: “It was like people had travelled back to the past, and they had very clear memories of things that had happened. When they heard a song like She Loves You by the Beatles, they could remember one night in autumn 1963.They remembered what they were wearing, what the weather was like and what their friend said to them. You get a lot more information than if you just say, ‘tell me about a night you remember’. ”

The study has found that music could be used with people who have problems remembering the past. “You could use music to help improve people’s ability to remember,” said Morrison. “In the future, we would like to do more experiments to see how useful music is in helping people to remember the past, and compare it to other things that might also help.”

1. Professor Conway and Dr. Morrison’s research aims to _____. A. see how music can help people remember the past B. study old songs’ influence on people’s behavior C. find out what influences people’s memories of the past D. find ways to help people with memory difficulties

2. The example of She Loves You is used to show that _____. A. love songs can help people to have clearer memories B. songs tell stories that are similar to our experiences C. music can take people back to their teenage years D. people can remember more details with the help of music 3. Morrison’s team’s future research is probably on . A. why some people have memory problems

B. what methods can best help people bring back memories C. how music can help people in their studies or work

D. how to help older people remember more details about the past

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要是介绍了两个专家的研究表明，音乐可以帮助人们记忆过去的事情。

1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这两个教授的研究目的是。根据第一段第二句“But now psychologist Martin Conway and Catriona Morrison,from the University of Leeds in the UK , are investigating how music can create ‘autobiographical memories ’of the main events in our lives”可知，两位心理学家在研究音乐是如何创造生活中主要事件的“自传性建议”。再根据文中“The study has found that music could be used with people who have problems remembering the past”可知，该研究证明，音乐可以用来治疗那些有遗忘症的人。故选A。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：《她爱你》的这个例子是用来说明。根据第三段第一句“This study was different from other memory studies, because people remembered events from their past with lots more details”可知该研究和其他记忆研究不同，因为人们（在音乐的帮助下）记住了关于过去的更多细节。故选D。

3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：莫里森的团队的将来的研究是可能在。根据最后一段最后一句“In the future, we would like to do more experiments to see how useful music is in helping people to remember the past and compare it to other things that might also help”可知，将来，他们团队将做些实验，以验证音乐在帮助人们记住过去方面的重要性，并将其和其他具有帮助作用的方法相比较。故选B。

Passage 15 （2017～2018学年度东城区第一学期期末）

Students in western Ohio(俄亥俄州) have to say “bye-bye” to snow days. Snow may fall, but students won’t be able to spend the days sledding(滑雪橇). Classes will continue online. Officials say that holding electronic workdays(e-days) will help students keep up with their studies. It will also prevent requiring students to make up schooldays later in June.

Which would you prefer: spending a cold day on a computer, or sitting in school in June when you should be on vacation? Jordan Dewar, a student reporter, holds the opinion that having online work on a snow day is the better choice. “You would be working on a day that you already planned on having schoolwork.”

“Having extra days of school in summer can interfere with(妨碍) families’ vacation plans. Besides, what if your school does not have air-conditioning? Imagine sweating through seven hours at school on a hot June day when you could have been relaxing by a pool with your family. Doesn’t an e-day sound better than that?” Jordan Dewar said.

For some students, it would be easier to concentrate(专注) on e-days than on makeup days. “You can do a little work online, go play, and then come back later,” says Rachel Meyers, 12. “But on June days you would just have to sit there for seven hours, thinking about how you could be outside, so you lose focus.”

There are some students arguing that it’s not fair to ditch snow days,

however. They say that snow days give them a much-needed break. They also note that missing a day here and there is not enough to put them behind. Most students in Silver Valley School think one problem of e-days is that sometimes siblings(兄弟姐妹们) have to share computers at home. In addition, it punishes the students who don’t have computers at home. When school starts again after e-days, these students will be left behind and have to work double-time to catch up with others.

“School budget cuts(预算削减) across the country are expected to continue into the 2017-2018 school year.” the American Association of School Administrators(AASA) Web site states. “The school wouldn’t be able to afford both online classes and taking care of the school,” Austin Krewson, an eighth grader, says.

Moreover, electricity is likely to be cut off during snowstorms. If kids don’t have power at home, the money and the time in running the new program would be wasted. 1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A. Officials suggest students should have more schooldays in June. B. Officials believe snow days put students behind in their studies. C. Students have to end snow days earlier than planned. D. Students won’t have sledding classes at school. 2. The student reporter, Jordan Dewar, believes that _____. A. siblings can help each other with their studies on e-days

B. students can learn better on e-days than on makeup days C. having e-days in winter will save the cost of air-conditioning D. students should study online when it snows heavily on weekdays 3. What does the word “ditch” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. give up

B. put off

C. carry out

D. pay for

4. The writer mentions the statements on the AASA Web site to _____. A. explain the reason to hold the e-day program B. show the difficulty of running the e-day program

C. suggest government should spend more money on education D. stress why some students can’t afford computers for online classes

【主旨大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述美国俄亥俄州的学生在下雪天仍然要在网上学习，而不能玩雪橇。对此，不同的学生有不同的看法，某些也发表了自己的观点。 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们从第一段中可知什么？根据第一段第二句“Snow may fall, but students won’t be able to spend the days sledding（滑雪橇）.”可知，雪还是会下的，但是，学生将不可能把时间花在划雪橇上。故选D。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：学生记者Jordan Dewar认为。根据第二段第二句“Jordan Dewar，a student reporter, holds the opinion that having online work on a snow day is the better choice.”可知,他认为，下雪天在网上学习是较好的选择。故选D。

3. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第五段中单词“ditch”可能是什么意思？根据第五段第二句“They say snow days give them a much-needed break.”可知，一些学生认为，下雪天给了他们急需的学习机会，故知其意为“放弃”。故选A。

4. C【解析】写作意图题。题干意为：作者提到AASA网站声明的意图是。根据第六段最后一句“The school won’t be able to afford to both the online classes and taking care of the school.”可知,由于削减预算，学校无法负担得起网上学习课程和学校的运作，因此建议加大教育投入。故选C。

Passage 16（2017—2018学年度西城区第一学期期末） The Rise of Artificial Intelligence（AI:人工智能）discusses AI

technology and how it might affect humans in the future, but the future is already here. In 2011, America’s Favorite Quiz Show held a competition between two men and an IBM computer named “Watson”. IBM describes Watson as “a technology that understands all forms of data and also reasons and learns.” Both men thought they could beat Watson. Instead, the computer and its Artificial Intelligence soundly beat both of the human beings.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MADE SIMPLE

Artificial Intelligence generally refers to machines with human-like intelligence, such as problem-solving and learning. In order to be considered AI, the computer must pass the Turing test, named after Turing, a British mathematician who worked with the first computer.

In the 1950s, Turing published a paper questioning whether a computer could be used to trick humans into believing they were interacting（互动） with an actual human being. He found that if 30% of humans who interacted with a “machine”believed they were actually interacting with a human being, then the computer could be considered as AI.

A simple example of AI is Apple’s Siri. Ask Siri to do anything, from calling a friend to booking a dinner table, and Siri can do them. Siri seems almost to be a human being. When you ask, “Are you a real person?” Siri answers, “That is a really personal question.”

But just because a system can behave like a human being, that does not mean it can think like humans, Or, does it?

JOINING OF HUMAN & MACHINE

It seems that our devices（设备）will turn into humans. Our phones already tell us to take an umbrella before we walk out the door. They volunteer traffic conditions so we know how long it will take to drive to work.

Our devices can interact with us in a way that looks like a real conversation with another human being, like with Siri. It does not seem crazy at all to think that AI may be programmed to actually think. If it has not already happened, it will likely happen in the near future.

Have we come to the time when computers and AI have caught up to human beings? Although computers have the ability to make our life better, is it possible that they may control and destroy human beings in the end?

WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS

It seems pretty clear that in the future, we’re going to see a human-machine hybrid. Humans will be stronger, live longer and be smarter. Ray Kurzweil, a computer scientist, believes that within 50 years, the humans on Earth will be about 50 to 80% robotic. There is no question that AI will be a part of every technology that humans create. Will it turn out be more of a benefit to humankind or will it be a risk and

threaten（威胁到） humanity as we know it? If AI is programmed according to Isaac Asimov’s 3 Laws of Robotics, humans won’t have a problem with machines; but for some, evil AI still stands in the way of a peaceful and safe life on Earth.

1. The story of computer Watson is mentioned here to tell us that ______. A. the age of machines has come B. humans make their own enemies C. AI has actually come into our life D. humans are playing a dangerous game 2. From the passage, we can learn that _____.

A. Turing test was designed to examine the first computer B. machines interacting with humans can be called AI C. Siri can volunteer to book a dinner table D. AI will help humans to be stronger and smarter

3. What does the underlined expression “a human-machine hybrid” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. A machine with a human look. B. A human created by machines. C. A body part robotic part human. D. A robot that can behave like humans. 4. The passage is mainly about _____. A. the history and future of AI

B. the advantages and disadvantages of AI C. the examples of AI

D. the competition between humans and AI

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人工智能的历史和未来发展情况。

1. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这里提到电脑Watson的故事是为了告诉我们。根据第一段第一句可推知，提到电脑Watson的故事是为了告诉我们人工智能事实上已经进入我们的生活。故选C。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从本文我们能够了解到。根据WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS描述中第二句可知，AI将会让人们变得更强大，更加聪明。故选D。

3. C【解析】词句猜测题。题干意为：划线短语“a human-machine hybrid”可能的意思是什么？根据WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS描述中第三、四句可推知，此处“a human-machine hybrid”意为“人体部分机器人零件”。故选C。

4. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要关于是。根据第一段第一句及标题WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS可推知，本文主要关于人工智能的历史和未来。故选A。

Passage 17 （2017—2018学年度海淀区第一学期期末）

Mindfulness Matters

In recent years, some schools have begun to introduce meditation, or mindfulness training, into their classrooms. During mindfulness training, students may be asked to sit quietly and observe their own thoughts and feelings to avoid being controlled by them. Mindfulness training can help students overcome anxiety (焦虑), control their behavior, and improve their ability to pay attention in class. Students are expected to learn how to meditate in order to reduce stress and do better in their schoolwork.

Among schools that already teach meditation, the results have been positive. In one study, teachers reported that after five weeks of mindfulness practice, their students were more focused. They also

participated more fully in class. A middle school in San Francisco reported that a student meditation program led to higher attendance rates and better grades. Another study suggested that meditation helped students perform better on tests by improving their working memory and reducing their anxiety.

Many supporters believe that meditation training programs can also help students overcome stress. For example, Headstand is a mindfulness education program designed to help students overcome anxiety. A study concluded that ninety-eight percent of participating students felt less stressed after they completed the Headstand program. In another study, researchers in New Haven, Connecticut, followed students who participated in meditation and yoga classes three times a week. They found that after each class, participants had lower levels of cortisol, a stress hormone (激素), in their bodies.

Despite the positive results seen so far, critics also point out that much of the current research is not rigorous(严谨的) enough. Associate Professor Tamar Mendelson agrees that research on meditation in children is still in its early stages. However, even she insists that she has seen the positive impact of meditation on children. Others express worries that meditation is not a valuable use of class time. But many disagree. Denise Pope, a professor from the Stanford University, says, “This is something teachers can do immediately. You get a lot of bang for

your buck and anyone who is against it isn’t thinking clearly.” Indeed, additional studies will surely strengthen our understanding of the benefits of mindfulness.

Although still in its early stages, research shows that meditation can help students learn to deal with anxiety and stress. As an added bonus, students of mindfulness training also report better concentration and gains in their academic performances. Therefore, meditation should be a part of every student’s school day. Participating in “stillness” can be just as productive as other school-related activities.

1. Why do some schools introduce mindfulness training into classes? A. To control students’ working memory. B. To reduce students’ stress and anxiety. C. To increase students’ attendance rates. D. To research students’ thoughts and feelings. 2. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Mindfulness training is not a valuable use of class time at school. B. Mindfulness training is more productive than other school activities. C. Students felt more stressful after joining yoga classes three times a week.

D. Students paid closer attention in class after weeks of mindfulness

practice.

3. The words “a lot of bang for your buck” in Paragraph 4 probably mean

“_____”. A. challenges

B. complaints

C. advantages

D. influences

4. The writer probably agrees that ______.

A. further studies will prove the benefits of mindfulness training B. students will become more talented with mindfulness training C. doctors will do researches on the spread of mindfulness training D. mindfulness training decides students’ mental and physical health

【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文，文中作者主要通过几个实验以及专家教授的观点向我们介绍了在学校内进行正念训练的好处。

1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：一些学校为什么将正念训练引入校园？根据第一段最后一句“Students are expected to learn how to meditate in order to reduce stress and do better in their schoolwork.”可知，这是为了减轻学生的压力和焦虑。故选B。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们能从文中了解到什么？根据第二段第二、三句“In one study, teachers reported that after five weeks of mindfulness practice, their students were more focused. They also participated more fully in class.”可知，在经过几周的正念训练以后，学生们在课堂上的注意力更加集中了。故选D。

3. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第四段中“a lot of bang for your buck”的意思可能是。根据后半句“and anyone who is against it isn’t thinking clearly”可知任何对此反对的人都没有想清楚。再联系本段前文描述可知，Denise Pope教授不认为正念训练是无价值的应用。由此可知这个短语指的是正念训练的“好处”。故选C。

4. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者可能同意。阅读短文可知，文中作者主要讲述了正念训练给学生带来的好处，作者对此的态度是肯定的。因此他认为进一步的研究会证明正念训练的好处。故选A。

Passage 18 （2017-2018学年度朝阳区第一学期期末） Do you know some great inventors and their inventions? What factors (因素) are needed for their success?

Well, good timing for a start. You can have a great idea which the public simply doesn’t want ... yet. The Italian Giovanni Caselli invented

the first fax(传真)machine in the 1860s. Although the machine was excellent, his invention quickly died a commercial(商业的) death. It was not until the 1980s that the fax became very common in every office... too late for Giovanni Caselli.

Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin (17-1712) had the idea for a steam engine (蒸汽机)almost a hundred years before the better-remembered Scotsman James Watt was even born... but he never had enough money to build one.

You also need to be patient (it took scientists nearly eighty years to develop a light bulb which actually worked)... but not too patient. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray, a professional inventor from Chicago, developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it as no more than “a beautiful toy”. However, when he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office(专利局) in February， 1876, it was too late. Almost the same invention had arrived two hours earlier... and the young man who sent it, Alexander Graham Bell, will always be remembered as the inventor of the telephone.

Of course what you really need is a great idea—but if you haven’t got one, a walk in the country and careful look at nature can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro（魔术贴）when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the country. During a similar walk in the French countryside some 250 years

earlier, Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur had the idea that paper could be made from wood when he found an abandoned wasps’ nest（蜂巢）.

You also need good commercial sense. Willy Higinbotham was a scientist doing nuclear（核能的） research in the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, USA. In 1958, the public were invited to an exhibition in the Laboratory to see their work, but both parents and children were more interested in a tennis video game on the screen. Soon hundreds of people were ignoring the other exhibits to play the first ever computer game—made from a simple laboratory instrument called an “oscilloscope”. Higinbotham, however, never made money from his invention: he thought people were only interested in the game because the other exhibits were so boring!

1. How many factors do inventors need according to the passage? A. 3.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

2. The word “ignoring” in the last paragraph probably means “_____”. A. having no idea of

B. doing no good to D. paying no attention to

C. getting no chance of

3. What can you learn from the passage?

A. Giovanni Caselli invented the first fax machine in the 1980s. B. Denis Papin afforded to build a steam engine a hundred years ago. C. Elisha Gray missed the chance to be the inventor of the telephone. D. George de Mestral got an idea from a walk in a French countryside.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. How to be a successful inventor B. How to get a great idea from nature C. How to have a good commercial sense D. How to make money from inventions

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了成功需要的五个因素。

1. C【解析】细节理解题。句意为：根据文章内容，发明家需要几个因素？根据第一段最后提出的问题“What factors（因素） are needed for their success？”后面紧接着的五段可知一共有五个因素。故选C。

2. D【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：在最后一段“ignoring ”的意思最有可能是。根据第六段“but both parents and children were more interested in a tennis video game on the screen. Soon hundreds of people were ignoring the other exhibits to play the first ever computer game...”可知前后句是转折关系；再根据前句中“were more interested in ”可知此处表示没注意到，故选D。

3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从文章中你得知什么？根据文章第四段中“In the 1870s, Elisha Gray， a professional inventor from Chicago, developed plans for a telephone... it was too late.”可知Elisha Gray错过了发明电话的机会。故选C。

4. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：下面哪个可以作为本文最佳标题？文章结构是总分结构，主要介绍成功的五大因素，并相对应的介绍了很多过去的发明家，故选A。

Passage 19 (2017～2018年度丰台区第一学期期末) From 2016, Children in Finland would not be taught cursive handwriting. Instead of learning this skill, schools would be given the choice to teach keyboard typing in its place. The change shows typing skills are now more related than handwriting, but experts say the move could do harm to a child’s brain development.

“Most people would agree that everyone should at least be able to pick up a pen or a pencil and write a message that others can read,”said

Misty Adoniou, a lecturer.“But beyond legibility（易读性）, does it matter how you form your letters when you handwrite?”

She continued there was research connecting fluent（流畅的） handwriting with better written articles,“but the key isn’t the quality, form or style of the handwriting, but rather the automaticity（自动性） of the handwriting.”

Reports have also found that by the age of eight, children can already type faster than they can handwrite. But, as Misty Adoniou agreed, handwriting can play an important part in brain development.“Research shows that learning to write in cursive further improves students’ motor and visual（视觉的） skills, eye-to-handco ordination, hand and finger skills, and brain development. The physical act of handwriting also helps the memory of information and the flow（流动）of ideas.”

For example, in a recent study, researchers did brain scans on five-year-olds before and after receiving different letter-learning tasks. In children who practiced writing letters by hand, the neural（神经的） activity was more improved and“aduit-like”than in those who had simply looked at letters. “Technology can encourage and support plenty of child development and educational objectives, such as physical and health、”explained Dr.Leves, “And there is a body of research supporting the idea that children learn best when they’re having fun.”

But as Ms Adoniou concluded:“With so many things to do in a school day, it is hard to see why handwriting lessons continue. No matter how standardized we try to make handwriting, we all end up with our own style. Perhaps we’d do just all well to let children find their own style.”

1. Ms Adoniou probably agrees that you will write articles better when _____.

A. you care less about your handwriting B. you have a special style of handwriting C. you improve the quality of handwriting D. you have different forms of handwriting

2. According to Ms Adoniou, cursive handwriting _____. A. improves children’s eyesight B. makes children’s hands strong C. makes children have fewer ideas D. helps children’s brains develop better 3. What is the passage mainly about _____? A. How to teach keyboard typing. B. The reasons why students drop pens. C. Some opinions on cursive handwriting. D. How to improve your own writing style.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰决定将在2016年秋季取消强制的手写课，并开设一些有用的打字课程帮助学生更高效的打字。文学家阿多尼斯女士认为：在写文章时若能较少

的关注书法，孩子们可能会写出更好的文章；同时强调手写课可能促进孩子们的大脑发育。 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：阿多尼斯女士可能同意当你的时候，你可能会写出更好的文章。根据第三段第一句“She continued there was research connecting fluent（流畅的） handwriting with better written articles...她坚持说，有研究可以把流利的书写和更好的书面文章联系在一起。”可知，当你写文章时若能较少的关注书法，你可能会写出更好的文章。故选A。

2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据阿多尼斯女士所说，手写课。根据第五段第二句“In children who practiced writing letters by hand, the neural （神经的）activity was more improved and “adult-like” than in those who had simply looked at letters.”可知那些进行手写练习的孩子们比那些仅仅看字母的孩子们的神经活动得到了更大的改善和更成熟。也就是手写课可能促进孩子们的大脑发育。故选D。

3. C【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于什么的？通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了关于手写课的一些观点。故选C。

Passage 20 (2017—2018学年度怀柔区第一学期期末)

Are you wearing old clothes?

Don’t worry if you are. Clothes bought at thrift shops are more popular than ever in the West nowadays.

A lot of young people have an interest in secondhand clothing. Goodwill Industries, one of the most famous secondhand shopping companies in the US, said there had been an increase of 84 percent in money made from the sale of donated goods from 2007 to 2012, from $1.9 billion(about 13 billion yuan) to $3.5 billion.

Fanny Moizant, an online group that sells used clothes from luxury brands(奢侈品牌), agrees that “secondhand” is part of fashion now.

“Fashion has changed,” she told the Financial Times last month.” People need our service ----they need a place to let go and get rid of this excess(过剩).”

It wasn’t always this way. Secondhand clothes used to be much less popular.

Keren Charles, 37, from the US, remembers how embarrassed she was the first time she entered a thrift store more than 20 years ago.

“I didn’t want anyone to see me,” Charles told CNN. “In high school, people thought you were either poor or homeless.”

Now, the fashion fan says about 97 percent of her clothes are secondhand. Her favorite find is a $5 blue evening dress that could be worth hundreds of dollars.

So what is a thrift shop, exactly?

According to the US Association of Resale Professionals, a thrift shop is run by a not-for –profit（非盈利的）organization to get money to charitable causes.

The shops have become popular in recent times due to economic reasons.

More customers began coming to thrift shops in the US at the start of the recession(萧条), according to CNN.

And now secondhand clothing and vintage items are showing up in Western high fashion and street wear.

Fashionable hip-hop artist Macklemore and Ryan Lewis even wore a 2013 Billboard Music Award for their hit song Thrift Shop. The song is about “looking for a come up”(search for cheap things in a thrift store.

However, thrift store culture may be great for new shoppers and for

business but it’s not so great for shoppers like Charles who are still “looking for a come-up.”

“The competition is tough now,” she told CNN. “You’re in the thrift stores, and you’re seeing so many other people, but it’s still better than shopping at a department store.”

1. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Vintage items sell better than other used clothes.

B. Thrift shops are a new form of shops that have appeared in the last 10 years.

C. Thrift shops sell used clothes in order to help people in need.

D. Young people show less interest in secondhand clothing than older

people.

2. According to the passage, secondhand clothes have become popular in the West because _____.

A. there are more thrift stores to shop in B. people have to live on less money

C. artists and stars are often seen in secondhand clothes D. people now care less about others’ opinions

3. The underlined word “Vintage” in paragraph 15 probably means“______” . A. old but expensive C. old but high quality

B. large and very beautiful D. popular and new

4. What is the passage mainly about ? A. The popularity of thrift store culture.

B. The importance of recycling secondhand clothes. C. Different attitudes toward thrift shops. D. The influence of the economy on fashion.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了西方国家现在流行的是旧衣服，二手衣服。 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪一个陈述是正确的？根据第六段最后一句“People need our service---they need a place to let go and get rid of this excess.”可知节约型商店正好满足了人们的需要。故选C。

2. B.【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，二手衣服在西方国家已经变的很流行了是因为。根据第十三、十四段 “The shops have become popular in recent times due to economic reasons. More customers began coming to thrift shops in the US at the start of recession(萧条), according to CNN.”可知主要是经济原因导致人们更多的去旧货市场。故选B。

3. C.【解析】词意理解题。题干意为：第15段中，下划线的这个词“vintage”意思是。根据第13，14段 “vintage items are showing up in Western high fashion and street wear.”可知节约型商店的衣服是很时尚又可以在街头穿，因此可知又很便宜，故选C。

4. A.【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：文章主要讲述了什么？本文主要介绍了西方国家现在流行的节约型商店的情况，可知本文的主旨大意是流行的节约商店文化。故选A。