冠词
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article） 一、不定冠词的用法：(a,an)
1.表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2.代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 词组
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try 二、定冠词的用法(the)
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1.特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2.上文提到过的人或事：
He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3.指世上独一物二的事物：
the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth
4用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面： Where do you live？I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 He is the only man who won the prize.他是唯一一个获得奖励的人 5单数名词连用表示一类事物：
如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人；the living 生者。
6与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师） 7.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫妇） 【考点分析】
当空格后面的名词是上文提到过、是世界上独一无二的事物、是序数词以及最高级 【例题】
1. There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall． 2. This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour． 3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day． 5. Let's go out for _______ walk．
6. It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．
7. There is _______ woman over there． _______ woman is Meimei's mother． 8. _______ sun rises in _______ east．
9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China． 10. Are you going to do it _______ second time？ 11. Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street． 1．a；an；the
2．a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。 3．An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。
4．The；the；a。前两个空都是特指，故填the；后一个空中的a相当于every或each，three times a day意为“一天三次”。 5．a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6．the
7．a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。
8．The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。
9．The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。
10．a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。
11．the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12．The。“the ＋姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化。指示代词的用法
【语法】
人称/物主/指示代词
分类: 英语中代词主要分为人称代词和物主代词.具体形式如下表所示: 人 称 宾 格 代 词 物 主 代 词 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse. b. Could you help me ? c. Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday. d. It’s a cat. We call it“ Mimi.” 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. a. Yourbook is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) c. whose book is that ? It’shers. (=her book) 指示代词: this 这个, that 那个 these这些 those那些 形容词 my 性 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs our your your his her its their me us you you him her it them 主 格 第 一 人 称 单数 I 复数 we 第 二 人称 单数 复数 he 第 三 人 称 单 数 she it 复数 they you you 反身代词：
1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如：
I--myself we--ourselves you（单数）-- yourself you（复数）-- yourselves 2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如： she--herself he --himself it--itself they--themselves one--oneself
【用法】 与by搭配
当反身代词与by搭配时，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如： （1）We must finish it all by ourselves.（我们必须全靠自己去完成。） （2）He can swim all by himself.（他能独自一个人游泳。） 简单口语
Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！请自己去取吧/! Make yourself at home! 别客气！ Don’t upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼
【考点分析】
首先判断分析句子是否缺主语和宾语，在无提示词的语法填空中若出现这样的情况，一般填写的是代词。考试时分析句子成分才是首要做的。
【例题】
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______（ I ) is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______ （ we ） country every year， which makes our
country more and more beautiful. 3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s？---Yes， it is ______（she)book， isn’t it？ 4. Help ______ （you） to some fruit，Jack. 5. ---Who taught your brother to surf？---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ （he）. 6. Their English teacher is from America，but ______ （we） is from England. 7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ （ I ）. 11. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______（you）. 12. He asked me to give________(he)_ some advice on how to enlarge his present business and he was _________(entire) happy about my advice. (3)并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。 并列连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词： 1.平行或对等关系的并列连词 and ”和”both„and„；“„„和„„两个都；as well as“也” not only„but also„“不但„„而且„„”; neither„nor„“既不„„也不„„” 例My mother bought me a present,and I like it very much.我妈妈买了一件礼物给我，我很喜欢 He can speak not only English but also French.他会说英语还会说法语。 2.表转折关系的并列连词 but“但是”
例： Lucy likes red，but Lily likes white。露西喜欢红的，然而莉莉喜欢白的。 3.表选择关系的并列连词
or“或者”；either„or„“要么„„要么„„”
注：由or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。
Eg： Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam.=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你考试会失败的。
Either you or he goes. “要么你去，要么他去”。 4.表因果关系的并列连词 so “所以，因此”;
Eg：Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.凯特病了所以没去学校。 二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。
1.because（因为),so（所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一.
eg：Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk here. =He was tired,so he couldn’t walk there. 因为他很累，所以走不到这里。
2.although/though（虽然），but（但是）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。 但although/though和 yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里（yet 用作副词）
Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard.： 虽然他很累，但是她仍然坚持工作
三、and 和or 用于否定句中的区别
1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时用and连接；而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用“or”构成完全否定.
Eg：I can’t sing or dance. 我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。
Lucy and lily can’t speak Chinese. 露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词那么用“and”而不用“or”Eg：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上没有水也没有空气。 2) 在否定句中，without +and；而在肯定句中，without+or,构成完全否定。 Eg：Man can’t live without air and water=Man will die without air or water. 五、由 either„„or„.., neither„„nor„„,not only„„but also„„连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。（就近原则） (填写谓语动词时需要注意) Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.不止我父母，连我很也很想见到你 【考点总结】 首先确定词与词、句与句之间的关系，然后根据关系选择适当的连词。 注意否定词与空格的位置以及特殊单词without 【例题】 1. The English would say to their guests “ Enjoy yourselves!” when eating_____and_____“ Hope you’ve enjoyed !” after eating. 2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _but____he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”higher. 3. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma _____and___ a sum of money. 4. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ____but____ he felt very happy. 5. Which do you prefer, folk music _____or___ pop music? 6. You may do it yourself, ___or_________ask someone to help you. 7. It was hard work, _____but______they really enjoyed it. 8. It was our first lesson, ________so___ the teacher didn't know all our names. 9. He is short___but______ strong. 10. There is no air_______or___water on the moon. 11. He went there by train __and/but_____ she went there by airplane. 12. They made faces, ___and/so______ we all laughed. 13. The baby watched ____and_____listened. 14. I don't like fish, _____but____ I like chicken. 15. My classmates all went to the park, __but______I didn't go (4)两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词 从属连词 【语法】 从属连词分为两大类，即引导状语，定语从句的从属连词和引导名词性从句（主语, 宾语,表语，同位语从句）的从属连词。 引导名词性从名的从属连词 宾语从句 宾语可由名词，代词或名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子称为宾语从句 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. We all know that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。（宾语从句） I’m sorry that you can’t come.很遗憾你不能来。（宾语从句） 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?（宾语） He asked whose handwriting was the best.(定语) Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?（表语） I don’t know why the train is late.(状语) 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意：句子中出现“or not”时，只用whether 4.形式宾语it：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。 e.g. He has made it clear that the meeting will not be hold. 【考点总结】 1.首先分析句子成分空格前面不含有宾语（双宾语情况除外），则一定为宾语从句 2.从句部分是完整的句子则用 that，whether，if 3.若从句句子成分不完整则根据句意判断是连接代词还是副词（地点，时间，原因，方式） 【例题】 1. I don’t know __when______ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English. 2. Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ___what___ I said? David? 3. I find __it___ important that we practice English every day. 4. He asked me __who___told me the accident. 5. I hardly understand. _what__ he has told me. 6. Can you tell me__when_ you were born, Betty? 7. I don't know _if__ they have passed the exam. 8. I hardly understand. __that_ he has told me. 9. I don't know __whether___ he still lives here after so many years. 10. Do you know __what___ they listened to yesterday evening?
定语从句
定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如： We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。 与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如： That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。 另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非性定语从句不一样，why只能引导性定语从句，不能引导非性定语从句。如： 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank. 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank. 关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如： There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。 注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如： Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。 关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如： This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。 与前面when的情况一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如： He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。 关系词选择 只用that不用which （1）当先行词是或被序数词，最高级，不定代词修饰时，关系词用that不用which。 （2）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。 （3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时，用that不用which。 （4）当主句中有who或which时，为避免重复用that。 （5）当句子是一个特殊疑问句，且引导词为which时，最好用that。 （6）当只用who不用that 如果先行词是those,they,all,person,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that。 只用which不用that 1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。This the one of which I'm speaking 2）非限定性定语从句，用which。 3) 描述句中一般用which。Beijing，which was China‘s capital for more than 800years 4）those +复数名词之后，多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best 5）当前面已有一个定语从句，且连接词为that时，宜用which。 注意 （1）there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。 （2）当主句中缺少主语或表语时，用the one。 前面已有一个定语从句，且连接词为which时，宜用that。 【考点分析】 首先分析句子，如果空格前面的先行词中做了主语，宾语，定语时，判断为定语从句。最后根据修饰人还是物来选择从属代词。 【例题】 1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I’ll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I’ll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China. 13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday. 状语从句 用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导，与主句连接起来。若置于句末，则前面不加逗号。 【辨析】 ★定语——用来修饰名词或代词。因为它修饰这两种词类，而名词和代词有可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。 例：The black bike is mihne.(black作主语bike的定语） ★状语——用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词语或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例：He did it carefully.（副词carefully作状语） 根据意义和作用，状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。 1.时间状语从句 一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when, before, after, as soon as或until引导。 I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去电影院。 When I grow up, I will join the army. 当我毕业了，我就要去参军。 2. 条件状语从句 条件状语从句常由if（如果）、unless（除非）或as long as（只要）来引导，同样适用于“主将从现”。如： We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨了，我们就会呆在家。 He won’t come here unless he is invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会到这儿来的。 As long as you give me money, I will go with you. 只要你给我钱，我就跟你走。 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句常由because（因为），since（既然；由于）或as（由于）来引导。在使用时，注意because和so（所以）不能用在同一个句子中。如： Since you can’t help me, I’ll find someone else. 既然你帮不了我，那我就找其他人吧。 He failed the exam because he didn’t work hard. = He didn’t work hard, so he failed the exam. 因为他不努力，所以考试没有及格。 4. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although或though（虽然；尽管）来引导。注意，在使用时，though或although不能和but不能用在同一个句子中，两者只能用其一。如： We still worked in the field although / though it was raining hard. = It was raining hard, but we still worked in the field. 尽管天下着大雨，但是我们仍然在地里干活。 5.结果状语从句“如此……以致……”的“so...that...”和“such...that...”均可引导结果状语从句， 其中的such 是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词， 具体的搭配形式是： (1)“so+adj./adv.+that”， “so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”； (2)“such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。 He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快， 无人听得明白。 There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. 人口增长如此迅速， 以致造成了粮食短缺。 Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我们国家的煤炭非常丰富， 可以大量出口。 【真题链接】 （ ）1. You’ll do much better ___a__ you’re more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless （2006 陕西） （ ）2. ___a__ you told me, I heard nothing of what happened. A. Until B. After C. If D. Since （2006 潍坊） （ ）3. I don’t understand the text____d__ there are few new words in it. A. so B. because C. if D. though （2006 青岛） （ ）4. I sit in the front of the classroom ______ I can hear clearly. A. so that B. when C. in order （2006 青海）（ ） （ ）5. ---Did David go to school yesterday? ---No, ______he had a bad cold. A. because B. if C. though （2006 佛山） 6. Most people were sleeping when the big earthquake took place in that area. 【考点总结】 如何判断状语从句 状语从句就是起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 去掉从属连词，可以明显的发现主从句仍旧是完整的句子。 三、【同步测试】 Summer was coming and it was getting hotter. Mrs. King got __1__ early one morning and went to the market after she __2__ (have) breakfast. She knew that everything was cheap there before eight o'clock. She wanted to buy many __3__ (vegetable) for her family. Suddenly she saw there were a __4__ of people around a farmer. She hurried there and found that he was selling some beef. “How __5__ does it cost？” a woman asked. “Two dollars a kilo.” “Oh，how cheap it is！” Mrs. King said to herself.“John __6__ (like) beef very much. I'd better buy some here.” When she got __7__ with five kilos of beef, her son was happy but her husband got angry. “What a silly woman！” said Mr. King.“How shall we keep it fresh in such hot weather？” “Your aunt is very rich，” said Mrs. King.“Why not go and borrow some money __8__ her? Then we'll be able to buy a fridge.” Mr. King agreed and they began to teach their five-year-old son what __9__ (say) when they were at his aunt's house. “John，” Mr. King said，“how can we keep the beef fresh？” “That's easy，” the boy said __10__ (happy). “By eating it！” 【解析】1.up 由下文“她吃了早饭后去市场”可知，此处应意为“金夫人一天早上起床早”。get up意为“起床”，是固定短语。 2．had 联系上下文可知此处缺少谓语动词，由句子前面的got和went可知要用一般过去时态，have的过去式是had。 3．vegetables 所给提示词vegetable是可数名词，前面有many修饰，因此用复数形式vegetables。 4．lot a lot of意为“许多”，是固定短语。 5．much 由答语Two dollars a kilo(每千克两美元)可知，此处询问价格，因此用how much提问。 6．likes 该句缺少谓语动词，此处是金夫人心里想的话。由句意“约翰非常喜欢牛肉”可知，要用一般现在时态。主语John是第三人称单数，因此填likes。 7．home/back 由后文“her son was happy but her husband got angry(她的儿子高兴，但她的丈夫生气)”可知，此处应意为“当她拿着5千克牛肉回家/回来时”。故填home/back。 8．from borrow... from...意为“向„„借„„”，是固定短语。 9．to say 联系前后句可知应填say的非谓语动词形式。此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。此结构放在动词teach之后作宾语，故填to say。 10．happily 此处修饰动词said，因此用happy的副词形式happily。 课后作业 More than 30,000 drivers and passengers_1_____ sit in the front of the vehicle are killed or seriously injured each year. At _2____ speed of only 30 miles per hour the force of impact is the same as _3____(fall) from a third-floor building. Wearing a seat belt saves _4_____, it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more _5_____half. Therefore ,drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt .6____you do not, you will be fined up to £50. It will not be up to the driver 7________(make) sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s 8___________(responsible) to make sure that children 9_______ 14 do not ride in the front 10_______ they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. 学员编号： 年 级：初三 课时数： 3 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型 T (语法填空) T( shelf） -checkT（语法填空练习） 授课日期及时段 教学目的 教学内容 考情分析 一、 1.2015年，浙江中考英语将取消单项填空题,推出语法填空题,把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。 2.给出150—200字的一段短文。一篇文章10个空。其中，一部分填空是给出单词提示词，填写它的正确词形每空1分。其中，一般6个空是有的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空；另外一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词，一般是4个左右。 3.给词提示填空题型中所给词常见类：名词、动词、形容词、副词等。 名词提示：名词的单复数、词性变化 动词提示：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等 形容词、副词提示：比较级、最高级、词性变化等 空白直接填空体型常见类：介词、冠词、连词、代词（连接代词、连接副词）等 介词：固定词组或者固定搭配 冠词：泛指、特指 连词：判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等 代词提示：人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词，代词格的变化等 好了，明白了它的前世今生，接下来我们又该如何解决呢? 【例题】找一找，你觉得这篇文章那些单词是会考的。 It was Mary’sbirthday. She received a letter fromher(二选一)uncle who was a farmer. Dear Mary,” the letter said (say). “Happy birthday! I am sending you some chickens. They will arrive /are arriving （二选一）(arrive) tomorrow. I hope you like them. Best wishes, Uncle Toby.”The next day the chickens in a box arrived. Mary took the box off the truck and began to carry / carrying （二选一）(carry) it into her garden. However, the box fell to the ground and broke. The chickens all ran out. Mary spent hours trying (try) to find (find) [二选一]them and take them back to her garden. A few days later her uncle came. “Did the chickens arrive safely / safe (safe)?” he asked Mary.“Yes, Uncle Toby,” Mary said. “But I dropped the box and the chickens ran everywhere. I spentthe whole morning looking for the eleven chickens.” “That’s very interesting (interest),”her uncle said with a smile, “because I only sent you six.” 二、 解题策略 4、快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来。 5、上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式。 6、通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。 无提示词 无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。 (2)名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。 冠词 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article） 一、不定冠词的用法：(a,an) 1.表示“一个”，意为one；指某人或某物 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2.代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 词组 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try 二、定冠词的用法(the) 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1.特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2.上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3.指世上独一物二的事物： the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth 4用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面： Where do you live？I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 He is the only man who won the prize.他是唯一一个获得奖励的人 5单数名词连用表示一类事物： 如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人；the living 生者。 6与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师） 7.用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫妇） 【考点分析】 当空格后面的名词是上文提到过、是世界上独一无二的事物、是序数词以及最高级 【例题】 13. There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall． 14. This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour． 15. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse． 16. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day． 17. Let's go out for _______ walk． 18. It's too hot．Open _______ door，please． 19. There is _______ woman over there． _______ woman is Meimei's mother． 20. _______ sun rises in _______ east． 21. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China． 22. Are you going to do it _______ second time？ 23. Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA． 24. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street． 1．a；an；the 2．a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。 3．An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。 4．The；the；a。前两个空都是特指，故填the；后一个空中的a相当于every或each，three times a day意为“一天三次”。 5．a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。 6．the 7．a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。 8．The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9．The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 10．a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。 11．the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12．The。“the ＋姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 （3）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化。指示代词的用法 【语法】 人称/物主/指示代词 分类: 英语中代词主要分为人称代词和物主代词.具体形式如下表所示: 人 称 宾 格 代 词 物 主 代 词 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. I’m a nurse. e. Could you help me ? f. Mum often takes us to the park on Sunday. g. It’s a cat. We call it“ Mimi.” 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后面不能再跟名词. a. Yourbook is small, mine is big.(=my book) b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) c. whose book is that ? It’shers. (=her book) 指示代词: this 这个, that 那个 these这些 those那些 形容词 my 性 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs our your your his her its their me us you you him her it them 主 格 第 一 人 称 单数 I 复数 we 第 二 人称 单数 复数 he 第 三 人 称 单 数 she it 复数 they you you 反身代词： 1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如： I--myself we--ourselves you（单数）-- yourself you（复数）-- yourselves 2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如： she--herself he --himself it--itself they--themselves one--oneself 【用法】 与by搭配 当反身代词与by搭配时，意为：单独地，没有人帮助的。例如： （1）We must finish it all by ourselves.（我们必须全靠自己去完成。） （2）He can swim all by himself.（他能独自一个人游泳。） 简单口语 Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！请自己去取吧/! Make yourself at home! 别客气！ Don’t upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼 【考点分析】 首先判断分析句子是否缺主语和宾语，在无提示词的语法填空中若出现这样的情况，一般填写的是代词。考试时分析句子成分才是首要做的。 【例题】 8. This is not my pencil-box. _______（ I ) is in the bag. 9. Trees are planted in ______ （ we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful. 10. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s？---Yes， it is ______（she)book， isn’t it？ 11. Help ______ （you） to some fruit，Jack. 12. ---Who taught your brother to surf？---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ （he）. 13. Their English teacher is from America，but ______ （we） is from England. 14. Mary’s answer is different from ________ （ I ）. 11. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______（you）. 12. He asked me to give________(he)_ some advice on how to enlarge his present business and he was _________(entire) happy about my advice. (4)并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。 并列连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词： 1.平行或对等关系的并列连词 and ”和”both„and„；“„„和„„两个都；as well as“也” not only„but also„“不但„„而且„„”; neither„nor„“既不„„也不„„” 例My mother bought me a present,and I like it very much.我妈妈买了一件礼物给我，我很喜欢 He can speak not only English but also French.他会说英语还会说法语。 2.表转折关系的并列连词 but“但是” 例： Lucy likes red，but Lily likes white。露西喜欢红的，然而莉莉喜欢白的。 3.表选择关系的并列连词 or“或者”；either„or„“要么„„要么„„” 注：由or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。 Eg： Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam.=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail the exam. 努力学习，否则你考试会失败的。 Either you or he goes. “要么你去，要么他去”。 5.表因果关系的并列连词 so “所以，因此”; Eg：Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.凯特病了所以没去学校。 二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。 1.because（因为),so（所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一. eg：Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk here. =He was tired,so he couldn’t walk there. 因为他很累，所以走不到这里。 2.although/though（虽然），but（但是）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。 但although/though和 yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里（yet 用作副词） Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard.： 虽然他很累，但是她仍然坚持工作 四、and 和or 用于否定句中的区别 1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时用and连接；而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用“or”构成完全否定. Eg：I can’t sing or dance. 我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。 Lucy and lily can’t speak Chinese. 露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。 在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词那么用“and”而不用“or”Eg：There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上没有水也没有空气。 2) 在否定句中，without +and；而在肯定句中，without+or,构成完全否定。 Eg：Man can’t live without air and water=Man will die without air or water. 五、由 either„„or„.., neither„„nor„„,not only„„but also„„连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。（就近原则） (填写谓语动词时需要注意) Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.不止我父母，连我很也很想见到你 【考点总结】 首先确定词与词、句与句之间的关系，然后根据关系选择适当的连词。 注意否定词与空格的位置以及特殊单词without 【例题】 16. The English would say to their guests “ Enjoy yourselves!” when eating_____and_____“ Hope you’ve enjoyed !” after eating. 17. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _but____he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”higher. 18. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma _____and___ a sum of money. 19. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ____but____ he felt very happy. 20. Which do you prefer, folk music _____or___ pop music? 21. You may do it yourself, ___or_________ask someone to help you. 22. It was hard work, _____but______they really enjoyed it. 23. It was our first lesson, ________so___ the teacher didn't know all our names. 24. He is short___but______ strong. 25. There is no air_______or___water on the moon. 26. He went there by train __and/but_____ she went there by airplane. 27. They made faces, ___and/so______ we all laughed. 28. The baby watched ____and_____listened. 29. I don't like fish, _____but____ I like chicken. 30. My classmates all went to the park, __but______I didn't go (5)两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词 从属连词 【语法】 从属连词分为两大类，即引导状语，定语从句的从属连词和引导名词性从句（主语, 宾语,表语，同位语从句）的从属连词。 引导名词性从名的从属连词 宾语从句 宾语可由名词，代词或名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子称为宾语从句 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. We all know that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。（宾语从句） I’m sorry that you can’t come.很遗憾你不能来。（宾语从句） 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?（宾语） He asked whose handwriting was the best.(定语) Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?（表语） I don’t know why the train is late.(状语) 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 注意：句子中出现“or not”时，只用whether 4.形式宾语it：如宾语从句后有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。 e.g. He has made it clear that the meeting will not be hold. 【考点总结】 1.首先分析句子成分空格前面不含有宾语（双宾语情况除外），则一定为宾语从句 2.从句部分是完整的句子则用 that，whether，if 4.若从句句子成分不完整则根据句意判断是连接代词还是副词（地点，时间，原因，方式） 【例题】 11. I don’t know __when______ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English. 12. Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ___what___ I said? David? 13. I find __it___ important that we practice English every day. 14. He asked me __who___told me the accident. 15. I hardly understand. _what__ he has told me. 16. Can you tell me__when_ you were born, Betty? 17.I don't know _if__ they have passed the exam. 18.I hardly understand. __that_ he has told me. 19.I don't know __whether___ he still lives here after so many years. 20. Do you know __what___ they listened to yesterday evening? 定语从句 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 6. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如： We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。 与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如： That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。 另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非性定语从句不一样，why只能引导性定语从句，不能引导非性定语从句。如： 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank. 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank. 关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如： There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。 We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一点。 注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如： Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。 关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如： This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus. 巴巴拉在奥伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽车去上班。 与前面when的情况一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如： He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。 关系词选择 只用that不用which （1）当先行词是或被序数词，最高级，不定代词修饰时，关系词用that不用which。 （2）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。 （3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时，用that不用which。 （4）当主句中有who或which时，为避免重复用that。 （5）当句子是一个特殊疑问句，且引导词为which时，最好用that。 （6）当只用who不用that 如果先行词是those,they,all,person,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that。 只用which不用that 1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。This the one of which I'm speaking 2）非限定性定语从句，用which。 3) 描述句中一般用which。Beijing，which was China‘s capital for more than 800years 4）those +复数名词之后，多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best 5）当前面已有一个定语从句，且连接词为that时，宜用which。 注意 （1）there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。 （2）当主句中缺少主语或表语时，用the one。 前面已有一个定语从句，且连接词为which时，宜用that。 【考点分析】 首先分析句子，如果空格前面的先行词中做了主语，宾语，定语时，判断为定语从句。最后根据修饰人还是物来选择从属代词。 【例题】 1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I’ll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I’ll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 12. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 13. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China. 13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday. 状语从句 用来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导，与主句连接起来。若置于句末，则前面不加逗号。 【辨析】 ★定语——用来修饰名词或代词。因为它修饰这两种词类，而名词和代词有可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。 例：The black bike is mihne.(black作主语bike的定语） ★状语——用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词语或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例：He did it carefully.（副词carefully作状语） 根据意义和作用，状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。 1.时间状语从句 一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when, before, after, as soon as或until引导。 I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去电影院。 When I grow up, I will join the army. 当我毕业了，我就要去参军。 2. 条件状语从句 条件状语从句常由if（如果）、unless（除非）或as long as（只要）来引导，同样适用于“主将从现”。如： We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨了，我们就会呆在家。 He won’t come here unless he is invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会到这儿来的。 As long as you give me money, I will go with you. 只要你给我钱，我就跟你走。 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句常由because（因为），since（既然；由于）或as（由于）来引导。在使用时，注意because和so（所以）不能用在同一个句子中。如： Since you can’t help me, I’ll find someone else. 既然你帮不了我，那我就找其他人吧。 He failed the exam because he didn’t work hard. = He didn’t work hard, so he failed the exam. 因为他不努力，所以考试没有及格。 4. 让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although或though（虽然；尽管）来引导。注意，在使用时，though或although不能和but不能用在同一个句子中，两者只能用其一。如： We still worked in the field although / though it was raining hard. = It was raining hard, but we still worked in the field. 尽管天下着大雨，但是我们仍然在地里干活。 6.结果状语从句“如此……以致……”的“so...that...”和“such...that...”均可引导结果状语从句， 其中的such 是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词， 具体的搭配形式是： (1)“so+adj./adv.+that”， “so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”； (2)“such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。 He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快， 无人听得明白。 There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. 人口增长如此迅速， 以致造成了粮食短缺。 Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我们国家的煤炭非常丰富， 可以大量出口。 【真题链接】 （ ）1. You’ll do much better ___a__ you’re more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless （2006 陕西） （ ）2. ___a__ you told me, I heard nothing of what happened. A. Until B. After C. If D. Since （2006 潍坊） （ ）3. I don’t understand the text____d__ there are few new words in it. A. so B. because C. if D. though （2006 青岛） （ ）4. I sit in the front of the classroom ______ I can hear clearly. A. so that B. when C. in order （2006 青海）（ ） （ ）5. ---Did David go to school yesterday? ---No, ______he had a bad cold. A. because B. if C. though （2006 佛山） 6. Most people were sleeping when the big earthquake took place in that area. 【考点总结】 如何判断状语从句 状语从句就是起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 去掉从属连词，可以明显的发现主从句仍旧是完整的句子。 三、【同步测试】 Summer was coming and it was getting hotter. Mrs. King got __1__ early one morning and went to the market after she __2__ (have) breakfast. She knew that everything was cheap there before eight o'clock. She wanted to buy many __3__ (vegetable) for her family. Suddenly she saw there were a __4__ of people around a farmer. She hurried there and found that he was selling some beef. “How __5__ does it cost？” a woman asked. “Two dollars a kilo.” “Oh，how cheap it is！” Mrs. King said to herself.“John __6__ (like) beef very much. I'd better buy some here.” When she got __7__ with five kilos of beef, her son was happy but her husband got angry. “What a silly woman！” said Mr. King.“How shall we keep it fresh in such hot weather？” “Your aunt is very rich，” said Mrs. King.“Why not go and borrow some money __8__ her? Then we'll be able to buy a fridge.” Mr. King agreed and they began to teach their five-year-old son what __9__ (say) when they were at his aunt's house. “John，” Mr. King said，“how can we keep the beef fresh？” “That's easy，” the boy said __10__ (happy). “By eating it！” 【解析】1.up 由下文“她吃了早饭后去市场”可知，此处应意为“金夫人一天早上起床早”。get up意为“起床”，是固定短语。 2．had 联系上下文可知此处缺少谓语动词，由句子前面的got和went可知要用一般过去时态，have的过去式是had。 3．vegetables 所给提示词vegetable是可数名词，前面有many修饰，因此用复数形式vegetables。 4．lot a lot of意为“许多”，是固定短语。 5．much 由答语Two dollars a kilo(每千克两美元)可知，此处询问价格，因此用how much提问。 6．likes 该句缺少谓语动词，此处是金夫人心里想的话。由句意“约翰非常喜欢牛肉”可知，要用一般现在时态。主语John是第三人称单数，因此填likes。 7．home/back 由后文“her son was happy but her husband got angry(她的儿子高兴，但她的丈夫生气)”可知，此处应意为“当她拿着5千克牛肉回家/回来时”。故填home/back。 8．from borrow... from...意为“向„„借„„”，是固定短语。 9．to say 联系前后句可知应填say的非谓语动词形式。此处是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。此结构放在动词teach之后作宾语，故填to say。 10．happily 此处修饰动词said，因此用happy的副词形式happily。 课后作业 More than 30,000 drivers and passengers_1_____ sit in the front of the vehicle are killed or seriously injured each year. At _2____ speed of only 30 miles per hour the force of impact is the same as _3____(fall) from a third-floor building. Wearing a seat belt saves _4_____, it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more _5_____half. Therefore ,drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt .6____you do not, you will be fined up to £50. It will not be up to the driver 7________(make) sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s 8___________(responsible) to make sure that children 9_______ 14 do not ride in the front 10_______ they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
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