2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练

2020版高中英语新课标新增334个词汇强化训练25

Grab, gradually, grandparent, greenhouse, guideline, guy, habitat, harmonious

【核心提示】

grab vt 抓住；(因忙碌而) 匆忙地吃 / 喝

gradually adv 逐渐地

grandparent n [C] (外) 祖父；(外) 祖母

greenhouse n [C] 温室；暖房

guideline n [C] 指导方针；指导原则

guy n [C] 男人；小伙子；家伙；伙计

habitat n [C] & [U] (动物) 栖息地；(植物) 生长地

harmonious adj 协调的；和谐的；和睦的

一、单项选择

1. _____ something to drink, as the movie will last three hours.

A. Grab B. To grab

C. Grabbing D. Grabbed

2. Many convenience stores are near, or sometimes even inside the underground stations, making it easy for people to ________ into a store to grab a meal on their way home.

A. roll B. pop C. skip D. inspect

3. The players _____ found the right pace to play so they eventually won the game.

A. graduallyB. disgustingly C. disturbingly D. greedily

4. ______, Chinese cuisine is served in shared plates, but now individual portions are recommended.

A. Gradually B. Typically C. Approximately D. Occasionally

5. Air pollution results in stronger greenhouse effect, which __________ leads to global warming. We must take measures to prevent pollution before it is too late.

A. generally B. gradually C. gently D. usually

6. As a leading producer of greenhouse gases, China the United States as the largest consumers of energy.

A. describes B. joins C. controls D. influences

7. The Internet is so much a part of our culture that it affects our lives by acting as a ______ for face-to-face contacts.

A. preference B. motivation

C. substitute D. Guideline

9. The guy felt dizzy and sick because of mild ____ shock. He was saved by an ______ engineer.

A. electric; electrical B. electrical; electric

C. electrical; electronic D. electric; electronic

10. the city’s contributions to improving habitat and urban environment, Xuzhou was awarded the “United Nation Habitat Award” in 2018.

A. In regard to B. In response to

C. In recognition of D. In favor of

11. —Are you close to Mr. White?

—No, he is just a acquaintance of a long train journey.

A. casual B. private

C. typical D. harmonious

12. It is fantastic for children to have a harmonious family, the parents treat their child like a friend.

A. why B. that

C. which D. where

二、语法填空

1

阅读下面材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you enjoy food, culture, entertainment, and shopping? You could be delighted at 13. (visit) Chinatown in Manhattan New York. New York’s Chinatown is 14. (convenient) located right next to Little Italy on Manhattan Island, 15. is one of the largest surviving ethnic Chinese communities outside of Asia. There are a number of 16. (landmark) in Chinatown that tourists or locals can go to see when weather permits. Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York, 17. (list) in a historic district on the National Register of Historical Places in 2010.

If you want to try delicious food, Chinatown might be the 18. (good) place to go. Not only do they serve a special plate of Garbage Fish, but they also can take out dishes that you

have no idea 19. is in them but pleasing to your taste buds nevertheless.

If you enjoy history, you will find that New York’s Chinatown is rich 20. history, culture, and civilization. It has fun for all ages. Whether you’re in Chinatown for 21. (relax) and entertainment, or to stop 22. (grab) a bite to eat, there is always something exciting going on that might grab your attention.

2

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traveling, is fun and it gets more 23. (interest) when we take a long trip for the first time, all alone.

For my vacation, it was decided that I would visit my grandparents with my parents. But since 24. unexpected job came up for my parents, I chose 25. (travel) alone.

From then on I was nervous and excited about 26. the trip would go.

On the day of the trip, my mom packed my bags, prepared food for me and then 27. (give) me a 30-minute lesson on being careful and staying away from 28. (strange).

She also told me that I should phone her at every station that I went through. Throughout the journey, I was not 29. (sleep) at all. I kept reading my book and 30. (watch) people, and didn’t say much to anyone who asked me questions.

I kept phoning my mom at every station. 31. (final), I reached my destination after the three-hour journey. There, my 32. (grandparent) were waiting to collect me. I was very happy to have completed my first trip alone and loved it.

3

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thanks to new rules, many students in Zhejiang and Heilongjiang provinces can now stay in bed longer than 33.

On Feb 23, the Zhejiang Department of Education published a new guideline that 34. (allow) primary schools to start school later, reported Xinhua News Agency. According to the guideline, start 35. (time) could vary among different grades and seasons, with students in Grade 1 and 2 starting no 36. early) than 8:30 am.

37. similar guideline was announced by the education department in Heilongjiang Province on Feb 24.Now,senior high school students in the province are required 38. (get) to school at 7:30 am at the earliest.

These changes are aimed 39. making sure students get adequate sleep and enough time for breakfast. Before the guideline 40. (publish), many primary school students in Zhejiang must arrive at school as early as 7 or 7:30 am, 41. left many of them arriving 42. (feel) tired and hungry.

4

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The maned wolf is a weird -looking beast. It is43. distinct species in the Canidae family.

The wolves live in a vast tropical savanna in South America 44. (call) the Corrado, which boasts extraordinary varieties of plants and animals. But that habitat45. (disappear )gradually due to rapid expansion of agriculture.

According to Smithsonian scientist Songsasen, this large-scale habitat46. (lose) threatens the future of the maned wolf species. Eight percent of the grassland has disappeared, and only five percent of the natural habitat that remains 47. (protect) at present. So Songsasen and his team are attempting to breed an insurance population of maned wolves, 48. (basic), a backup population of captive maned wolves 49. case the animals become extinct in the wild.

In order to play matchmaker for the wolves, Songsasen works with scientists all over the country 50. (build) a genetic database of the wolves currently in captivity. Each wolf is given a genetic value corresponding with51. related they are to other wolves. The 52. (little) related two wolves are, the better suited they are as potential mates. That ’s because genetic diversity helps a population survive.

三、阅读理解

Think about what you usually have for a meal: Is it a hamburger? What about vegetables?

Would it surprise you to learn that what you eat can affect the whole planet?

It can---in a big way. Scientists attending the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Chicago presented new studies showing how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate. It is generally believed that global warming is caused by the large amounts of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. One of these greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide.

What does this have to do with food? A big part of the carbon dioxide comes from the process of making and eating food, the scientists reported in Chicago. The production of meat contributes to a lot of that carbon dioxide.

The process of making a hamburger, for example, requires a lot of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland, and cow manure(肥料)is a major source of methane(甲烷)--an especially powerful greenhouse gas. By the time a hamburger is finally served on a dinner plate, it has done great harm to the environment.

The message from the research is clear: We can greatly reduce the production of greenhouse gases by eating less meat.

All kinds of meat, the scientists reported, are harder on the planet than vegetables. To grow and eat a pound of potatoes, for example, sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases into the air. So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables ,as it turns out, may do the world some good.

53. Generally speaking , people believe that global warming is caused by ________.

A. cutting down too many trees.

B. releasing too many greenhouse gases.

C. growing too many vegetables.

D. raising too many cows.

. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. To make and eat meat requires a great deal of energy.

B. To feed and raise cows on farmland contributes to greenhouse gases.

C. To make and eat hamburgers sends greenhouse gases into the air.

D. To grow and eat vegetables does no harm to the environment.

55. According to the passage , the writer seemingly intends to ________.

A. appeal to us to protect the environment by eating less meat food.

B. persuade us to develop a good eating habit to keep healthy

C. advise us to make less hamburgers in order to save energy.

D. encourage us to grow more vegetables to reduce greenhouse gases.

答案与解析

一、1. A

【解析】试题分析：考查祈使句。本题考查祈使句 + 陈述句结构。句意：抓些东西去吃，因为电影将持续3个小时。故A正确。

考点：考查祈使句

2. B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多便利店都在附近，有时甚至在地铁站里面，在回家的路上人们可以很容易地去到店里去吃饭。A. roll滚动；B. pop（突然或匆匆地）去；C. skip跳绳、不参加；D. inspect检查。分析语境可知，（地理位置优越的）便利店使人在回家的路上去到店里吃饭很容易，pop符合句意。故选B项。

3. A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动员们逐渐找到节奏，所以他们最终赢得了比赛。A. gradually逐渐，渐渐地；B. disgustingly令人厌恶地；C. disturbingly令人不安地；D. greedily贪婪地。根据“so they eventually won the game”可知，此处指运动员们在比赛过程中“逐渐”掌握了节奏。故选A项。

4. B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，中国菜都是用共用盘供应的，但现在推荐单独食用。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Typically一般地、通常地；C. Approximately大约地；D. Occasionally偶尔地。由常识可知，中国菜一般来说都是用共用盘供应的。故选B项。

5. B

【解析】试题分析：考查副词词义辨析。A. 大概地；B. 逐渐地；C. 温柔地，轻柔地；D. 通常。句意：空气污染导致温室效应更大，逐渐导致全球变暖。我们必须在为时已晚之前采取防止污染的措施。故选B。

6. B

【解析】试题分析：考查动词辨析。A描述；B加入；C控制；D影响。句意：作为温室气体的领头排放国，中国继美国之后成为最大的能源消费国。故选B

7. C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。preference偏爱；motivation动力，动机；substitute代用品，

代替者；guideline指导方针，指导原则。句意：网络在我们的文化中占据着如此重要的地位以至于它通过取代面对面的交流影响了我们的生活。C选项符合语境。

8. B

【解析】试题分析：考查情景交际。A. What luck!多么幸运！ B. You don’t say! “是吗?”“真

的吗?”C. I’m sorry.对不起；D. Good for her.对她好。上句：Sarah嫁给了一个比她小16岁的男士。下句：真的吗？这是英美人士的一句口头禅，相当于我们的“是吗?”“真的吗?”

【知识拓展】

You don’t say! 这是英美人士的一句口头禅，相当于我们的“是吗?”“真的吗?”

9. A

【解析】考查词语辨析.句意: 这个年轻人因为轻微的电击觉得很晕又恶心，他被一个电工救了。electric带电的，导电的，如electric wire电线 ; electrical电的，电气科学的；electronic 电子的，如electronic computer电子计算机。故选A。

10. C

【解析】【解析】考查词组。A. In regard to关于，至于； B. In response to对------有反应； C. In recognition of承认-------而； D. In favor of赞同。句意：为表彰徐州市为改善人居环境和城市环境做出的贡献，徐州市于2018年荣获“联合国人居奖”。结合句意可知答案为C。

11. A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——你和怀特先生关系近吗?——不,他只是我在长途火车旅行中结识的泛泛之交。casual\"感情不深的,疏远的\casual acquaintance\"泛泛之交\"。private\"私人的\"；typical\"典型的\"；harmonious\"和谐的\"，故选A。

12. D

【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：孩子们有一个和睦的家庭，父母把孩子当朋友对待，这是非常棒的。Where引导定语从句修饰family，在从句中作地点状语。故选D。

二、

【答案】13. visiting

14. conveniently

15. which

16. landmarks

17. was listed

18. best

19. what

20. in

21. relaxation

22. to grab

1

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约曼哈顿的唐人街，在这里你可以享受到食物、文化、娱乐和购物。

13. 考查动名词。句意：参观纽约曼哈顿的唐人街，你会很高兴的。根据could be delighted at 中at是介词，可知此处要用动名词形式。故填visiting。

14. 考查副词。句意：纽约的唐人街位于曼哈顿岛上的“小意大利”(Little Italy)附近，交通十分便利。根据is located可知此处要用副词修饰谓语动词。故填conveniently。

15. 考查非性定语从句的关系词。句意：纽约的唐人街位于曼哈顿岛上的“小意大利”(Little Italy)附近，交通十分便利。此处是一个非性定语从句，先行词是Little Italy，根据定语从句中谓语动词是is ，可知此处缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。

16. 考查名词的单复数。句意：在天气允许的情况下，唐人街有许多地标性建筑可供游客或当地人参观。根据There are a number of可知此处要用名词的复数形式，且landmark是可数名词。故填landmarks。

17. 考查时态和语态。句意：唐人街和纽约的“小意大利”在2010年被列入《国家历史遗迹名录》的一个历史街区。根据主语是Chinatown, along with Little Italy in New York是插入语，可知此处要做谓语且用被动语态；由in 2010可知时态是一般过去时。故填was listed。

18. 考查形容词的最高级。句意：如果你想尝尝美味的食物，唐人街可能是最好的地方。根据冠词the可知此处要用形容词的最高级。故填best。

19. 考查代词。句意：他们不仅提供一盘特制的“杂鱼”，还可以把你不知道里面有什么但却能满足你味蕾的菜端出去。根据you have no idea可知此处是what引导宾语从句what is in them，what

充当主语，意为“什么”。故填what。

20. 考查介词。句意：如果你喜欢历史，你会发现纽约的唐人街有着丰富的历史、文化和文明。根据history, culture, and civilization可知此处要用介词in，表示“在……方面”，短语be rich in“富含”。故填in。

21. 考查名词。句意：无论你是去唐人街放松娱乐，还是停下来吃点东西，总有一些令人兴奋的事情吸引着你的注意力。根据and entertainment可知此处要用名词，且relaxation是不可数名词。故填relaxation。

22. 考查不定式。句意：无论你是去唐人街放松娱乐，还是停下来吃点东西，总有一些令人兴奋的事情吸引着你的注意力。短语stop to do停下来去做某事，用不定式表示目的。故填to grab。

2

【答案】23. interesting

24. an

25. to travel

26. how

27. gave

28. strangers

29. sleepy

30. watching

31. Finally

32. grandparents

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他第一次独自旅行的经历。

23. 考查形容词。句意：旅行是一种乐趣，特别是当你完全独自旅行的时候，它会变得更有趣。空格处单词位于系动词get后作表语，应用形容词形式。“interest(使感兴趣)”的形容词形式有-ed形式与-ing形式。“-ed”形容词通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。以-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。根据句意，空格处单词修饰travelling，指物，故用-ing形式的形容词。故填interesting。

24. 考查不定冠词。句意：由于父母突然有了不期而至的工作，我们选择了独自旅行。“job”为可数名词，句中使用的是单数形式，所以其前缺少一个限定词。“job”在文中第一次出现，且根据句意，翻译为“一个”，故填不定冠词。“unexpected”是以元音音素开始的，故填an。

25. 考查不定式。句意同上。“选择做某事”应翻译为choose to do sth.，使用不定式作宾语。故填to travel。

26. 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：从那时起，我为旅行将会进展如何感到即担心又激动。这是一个宾语从句，从句部分主语为the trip，谓语为would go，所以用副词作连接词。根据句意“旅行将

会进展如何”，选择疑问词how作连接词。故填how。

27. 考查一般过去时。句意：旅行那天，我妈妈打包好我的包，准备好食物，然后给我上了30分钟的课，教我如何小心，远离陌生人。“and”前后连接并列的成份，由其前的packed、prepared都使用的一般过去时可知，空格处单词也应使用一般过去时。故填gave。

28. 考查名词的数。句意同上。“stranger(陌生人)”是可数名词，根据句意，作者路上遇到的陌生人不会只是一个，所以应用名词的复数形式。故填strangers。

29. 考查形容词。句意：整个旅程中，我一点睡意都没有。空格处单词位于be动词后作表语，所以应用形容词。故填sleepy。

30. 考查动名词。句意：我一直看书、看人并且不与问我问题的人说太多话。“and”前后连接并列的成份，由其前的reading使用的动名词形式可知，空格处单词也应使用动名词形式作kept的宾语。故填watching。

31. 考查副词。句意：最后，经过三个小时的旅行，我到达了目的地。空格处单词修饰整个句子，所以用副词。故填Finally。

32. 考查名词复数。句意：在那儿，我的祖母正在等着接我。由were可知，主语应用复数形式。故填grandparents。

3

【答案】33. before/ever

34. allows

35. times

36. earlier

37. A

38. to get

39. at

40. was published

41. which

42. feeling

【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。为了保证小学生有充足的睡眠和足够的时间吃早餐，浙江教育部和黑龙江教育部发布了新的指导方针，推迟小学生到学校上课的时间。

33. 考查固定短语。句意：由于有了新的规定，浙江省和黑龙江省的许多学生现在可以睡眠时间比以前长了。空前是比较级longer，根据句意，用短语 than ever 或than before，意为“比以往任何时候更…”。故填before/ever 。

34. 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：2月23日，浙江教育部发布了一项新的指导方针，允许小学晚

些时候上学。分析句子结构，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词a new guideline，是单数，从句谓语动词allow应该用单数形式；“允许小学生晚点上学”是客观事实，因此用一般现在时。故填allows。

35. 考查名词单复数。句意： 根据该指导方针，不同年级和不同季节的开始上课时间可能有所不同。time表示 “时间”用作不可数名词，但如果表示“特定的一段时间”时，time是可数名词。此处是指“学校开始上课的时间”，故填times。

36. 考查副词的比较等级。句意：一年级和二年级的学生开始上课时间不早于上午8：30。根据than可知，应该用比较级形式。early的比较级，应将y改iI，再加er。故填earlier。

37. 考查冠词。句意：黑龙江省教育部门于2月24日公布了类似的指导方针。guideline 为可数名词，此处用不定冠词a表示数量，意为“一个，一条”；similar的发音是以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填A。

38. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，该省的高中生要求最早早上7：30到学校。短语require sb. to do …“要求某人做…”,其被动形式为（Sb.）be required to do …“（某人）被要求做…”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to get。

39. 考查固定短语。句意： 这些变化的目的是确保学生有充足的睡眠和足够的时间吃早餐。短语be aimed at“旨在，以…为目的”。故填at。

40. 考查时态和语态。句意：在指南发布之前，浙江的许多小学生必须早在早上7点或7点半就到学校。根据语境，“发布指南方针”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语guideline和谓语动词publish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；因此用一般过去时的被动语态；主语guideline是单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填was published。

41. 考查定语从句。句意：在指南发布之前，浙江的许多小学生必须早在早上7点或7点半就到学校，这让他们中的许多人到学校时感到疲倦和饥饿。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，前面有逗号，用which引导非性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，意为“这一点，这件事”。故填which。

42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这让他们中的许多人到学校时感到疲倦和饥饿。根据句意，“感到疲倦和饥饿”是对句子谓语动作left many of them arriving的补充说明，用现在分词feeling做状语，表示补充说明。与many of them在逻辑上是主动关系。故填feeling。

4

【答案】43. a

44. called

45. is disappearing

46. loss

47. is protected/is being protected

48. basically

49. in

50. to build

51. how

52. less

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鬃狼这种动物，这些狼生活在南美洲一个叫做科拉多的热带大草原上，那里有各种各样的植物和动物。但是由于农业的迅速扩张，这种栖息地正在逐渐消失。以及人们为保护这种动物采取的措施。

43. 考查冠词。后文species表示“物种”此处泛指应用不定冠词，且distinct为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。

44. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式做状语，与逻辑主语wolves构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填called。

45. 考查动词时态。句意：但是由于农业的迅速扩张，这种栖息地正在逐渐消失。表示目前正在进行的动作应用现在进行时，主语为habitat，谓语动词用单数。故填is disappearing。

46. 考查名词。此处做主语表示“丧失”应用名词loss。故填loss。

47. 考查动词时态语态。此处可理解为陈述客观事实用一般现在时，也可理解为目前正在进行的动作用现在进行时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，主语为only five percent of the natural habitat，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is protected/is being protected。

48. 考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词basically，表示“基本上”。故填basically。

49. 考查介词。此处为目的状语从句，表示“以防，以免”短语为in case。故填in。

50. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中表目的应用不定式。故填to build。

51. 考查连接词。此处为宾语从句，且修饰后文形容词related应用how。故填how。

52. 考查比较级。此处为固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。故填less。

三、

【答案】53. B . D 55. A

【解析】试题分析：作者在本文中叙述了肉食会释放出更多的二氧化碳，会对环境带来更大的影响，呼吁我们吃素来保护环境。

53. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It is generally believed that global warming is caused by the large amounts of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.可知人们通常认为全球变暖是由于释放进大气层的大量的温室气体导致的。故B正确。

. D 推理判断题。根据文章最好一段第二句To grow and eat a pound of potatoes, for example, sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases into the air.可知种植和吃一磅土豆向空气中释放的二氧化碳要减少四分之一。但是仍然对大气有很影响，而不是D项中所说的没有影响。故D项说法错误。

55. A 推理判断题。根据文章前面五段叙述了肉食比素食会排放更多的温室气体 会对环境产生更大的影响。再根据最后一句So shifting our diet to less meat and more vegetables ,as it turns out, may do the world some good.可知作者主要是为了呼吁我们吃素来保护环境，减少对环境的污染。

故A正确。