0410 英语七选五说明文练习

七选五的实质类似于完形填空，只不过空格处为句子，重点考查句子之间的关联性。  做题顺序和解题方法：

1. 通读全文，明确文章话题，明确设空段落大意，阅读空句的前后句寻找画出关键词。 2. 看备选答案，把其中隐含的代词、冠词、连接词所揭示的内在逻辑关系搞清楚。然后再

看文章，在读文章的过程中不但要确定正确答案，还要同时排除错误答案。

3. 选项与前后句进行3方面判断：词汇衔接，结构衔接，逻辑衔接。不好确定先放下。 4. 一旦确定选项要先做出标记，避免干扰分散注意力。

5. 将选项带入文章中重读，根据行文逻辑确定选项，排除干扰选项。  常用策略技巧： 1. 分析短文篇章结构

分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前(后)句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。七选五短文以说明文居多，要注意把握说明文的篇章结构特点和语言风格。 2. 辨别语境线索

语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、逻辑、信息重现、连接词、指代词等。

1) 心怀主旨，明确文章主题内容，保证上下文内容中主题词的一致和逻辑一致。

2) 注意连词关键词体现的逻辑关系。逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。常见表时间先后关系的连词或结构：at first/in the beginning...then...later...last/finally...; first(ly)...second(ly)... besides /moreover /furthermore /what’s more...last/finally; 并列关系的连词或结构：and, also, as welll as, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., on the one hand...on the other hand..., some...other(s)..., for one thing...for another...。需要注意的是如for one thing...for another...等组合既可能出现在同一段落中，也可能分别出现在相邻两段的句首。表示转折关系的连词或结构：but, however, yet, though, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary...。如果but, however等出现在答案中，则意味着该答案与空前部分含义是相反的，但同时又与空后的内容在含义上是一顺的或一致的; 表示归纳总结关系的词汇或结构：so, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, in my opinion...

3) 注意代词关键词提供的线索，明确指代内容，是人物、事件还是物品，是单数还是复数。常见指示代词it, they...人称代词they, he... 如果所选答案中有he, him, his等词，这就意味着空前面必然出现了a boy, a man等词或人名。如果这些词在空后面出现，就意味着正确答案中必有a boy, a man等词或人名。涉及冠词时，如果正确答案中出现了定冠词the，则空前将有不定冠词a(n)或与之相应的名词等出现。如果定冠词第一次出现在空后，则意味着空里所需的答案中会有不定冠词a(n)或相应的名词等出现。

4) 注意首句、末句、过渡句的不同句式功能：通常句子在文中位置不同，功能不同。开头句和结尾句具有总结性，概括性。中间句具有过渡性，承前启后。可以结合篇章结构大的框架确定空句所在段落的功能和空句的具体功能。

英语文章一般组织的都很严谨，段落与段落之间分工明确，逻辑分明，往往每一段都只讲整个文章的一个方面，或只交代整个过程的一个部分或一个环节，各段分别起不同的作用，每一段中不同部分语言也各有特点。

文章首句：一般是全文主题句，或是引出全文主题的句子，主题句在其后。 文章末句: 一般是全文的总结，往往与开头呼应。

首段末句：可能是过渡句，承上启下，引出全文要谈的几个方面，或是全文主题句。

段落首句：可能是段落主题句，或引出下文的句子，如问句，或段落间的过渡句，与上段呼

应。

段落末句：可能是段落主题句，或承上启下，引出下一段，或是本段所阐述问题的一个方面，或是本段空格前面内容的自然结论。 成段：有时一个选项本身就是一个的段落，可能是过渡句承上启下，或自成一体（即有一个段落中心）。

5) 注意句式特点，是陈述句、疑问句、祈使句还是复合句等。如果选项中或空前出现疑问句，尤其要细读注意回答方式。一般疑问句需要有yes或no回答，特殊疑问句更要注意。因为不同特殊疑问词的回答方式不一样，比如对why的回答后面要有because等表示原因的词；对when的回答后面要有表时间的状语；对where的回答后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答后面要有方式状语等。

6) 注意句中关键词语或信息复现：同一个意思可以通过不同语言表达方式体现，通常词语不会简单重现，而是可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read, reading, reader, readers；remind, a reminder of..., sb is reminded that...。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。

7) 注意大小标题：无论什么样的阅读题，只要有大小标题，难度就大为降低了。大标题每个实词的首字母都大写（单凭这一点就很难出错），是对全文的概括总结。若是陈述形式，一般包括了文章的主题词；若是疑问句，一定在文中要给出答案。小标题是对其下面段落的概括总结。大标题，小标题之间特点明显：长短基本一致，用词特点或句式结构相同，如小标题多以祈使句即动词开头，没有主语。很多时候，只要答案与小标题中的词汇重合了，也就正确了。

8) 注意标点符号：常见有冒号，破折号，引出内容，或起解释作用；小标题前常有实心点。 9) 巧用排除法：排除的选项一定包括词汇、结构、逻辑、内容等方面不符。 正确选项特征：

1、放进去通顺，这一点是基础。凡不通顺的必错无疑； 2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系； 3、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段；

4、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容相匹配或重合。

七选五综合练习

说明文1

If something that you’re doing doesn’t challenge you, then it doesn’t change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 1 So challenge the following limits: 1. Figure out what you’re scared of and do it continuously.

If you’re a salesman, and you’re scared of talking to people personally or over the phone now, instead of being scared and thinking you’ll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. 2 But don’t stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eye and say, “Go on. I’m not scared!”

2. Take a class for a hobby you’ve been wanting to develop.

Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. 3 Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.

3. Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.

4 A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself. 4. Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.

Don’t just limit yourself to your fellow travelers—try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they’re going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now

to book your class. 5

A. You should do it continuously. B. Someone may hang up on you. C. You don’t need to go to the gym.

D. Running in the gym may be a better choice.

E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.

F. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on.

G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.

说明文2

During his 2009 TED Global talk, sound consultant Julian Treasure said there are four major ways that sound affects human. What do fire alarms, car noises and alarm clocks all have in common? Their sound affects us physiologically (生理上地). 1 Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the body prepares to fight a possible threat or run for survival. But a physiological response to sound isn't always upsetting. The rhythmic(节奏的) frequency of ocean waves roughly matches the rhythm of a sleeping person’s breathing. 2

The second way sound affects us is psychological— it makes us feel. Have you ever heard a piece of music that makes you sad? Whether it’s a sad song that brings tears to your eyes or a funny song that makes you laugh, music can make us feel a range of emotions. 3 When we hear the comforting singing of birds, we know things are good and safe.

4 The brain tries to get meaning from the words and sentences we hear. When your mom, dad, and little brother are all talking at once at the dinner table, the competing voices make it hard to focus. Our brains have a very small bandwidth for processing auditory (听觉的) input, says Treasure. No wonder it's annoying when someone keeps talking during a movie!

Finally, sound may cause behavioral changes. 5 People tend to walk away from loud or annoying sounds and toward pleasant sounds.

Next time a fire engine screams past, birds start singing or you hear a sorrowful pop song, stop, listen, and think about the many ways sound influences you. A. Also, sound affects how we think.

B. Birdsong also affects us psychologically. C. In other words, they make our bodies react. D. Unpleasant sounds affect our physical health. E. In fact, some music can put you in a good mood . F. Drivers who listen to fat-paced music may speed up.

G. When we hear the ocean rise and fall, the sound relaxes our bodies.

说明文3

There have been a lot of comments recently surrounding 5G, the next generation of wireless technology. 1 ? How might it change our lives? 5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G” systems were designed to improve mobile communication operations. Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity (容量). 2 . It is expected to permit more users to do more things at a faster rate.

However, technology experts say there is a major way that 5G is different from the earlier systems. 3 . It will affect many more devices and industries than other “G” versions.

5G will help fuel future “smart cities” by connecting sensor networks. 5G is also expected to connect self-driving cars and support new technologies involving virtual reality (虚拟现实). Higher

5G speeds could also permit doctors to commonly perform remote medical operations. Factories and businesses could use 5G technology to increase automation and improve the collection of information.

4 . The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data. In addition, the wider use of a 5G wireless network means any breakdown of the system would have more widespread and severe results. Such difficulties could affect public safety. 5 , or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash. A. Why is 5G so popular B. What is this technology C. Every coin has two sides

D. The new 5G system promises more of the same E. It will move beyond mobile network technology

F. A breakdown of 5G networks may cause economic losses

G. A failure during a doctor's remote operation could lead to death

说明文4

Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell or scream at those around you, even people you like or love? Did you want to break something or hit someone?

Everyone gets angry. We have lots of emotions. At different times, we may be happy, sad or jealous. 1

It’s perfectly okay to be angry at time－in fact, it’s important to get angry sometimes. Anger can even be a good thing. When we are treated unfairly, anger can help us stand up for ourselves. 2 Some people keep their anger buried deep inside. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy (糟糕的) about yourself or start to cry. It’s not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others.

When you start to feel angry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of anger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do something active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust. 3

4 Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do to keep the situation from happening again.

Never getting angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how you act when you’re angry can make the situation better or worse. 5 Take charge of it!

A. Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away. B. Taking it out on others never solves anything. C. Anger is just another way we feel.

D. Here is an important way to deal with anger. E. But anger must be released in the right way. F. Every coin has two sides.

G. Don’t let anger be the boss of you.

说明文5

How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews

The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.

●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think

about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” 32

●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, “Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic,” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you．

●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don't get discouraged.

● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn't be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won't be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 ●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don't leave work without them. A．Limit your time.

B．As you approach people, be polite.

C．If you don't own a camera，you can buy one.

D．For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E．To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.

F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G．With a question like this, you will get more than a\"Yes\"or\"No\"reply.

说明文6

Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive． 16 As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown．

Staycations have become really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money．There are shortcomings to every positive thing, however. _17 You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere

might be the same as any other time. 18 It means you won't be available for work or other activities．

What can you do to make your staycation fun? 1．Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay over night．Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer．

2． 19 You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day! 3．Throw a small party．Think about the money you are saving by not going away．You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too!

4．Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs (纪念品) if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation! The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited! 20 A．Eat out for every meal!

B．Go on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach． C．But why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation?

E．Most of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual． D．If you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work．

F．Make sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed．

G．The trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation．

说明文7

Living to the ripe old age of 90 may depend on your body size—both height and weight—as well as your level of physical activity，and geeing to influence a woman’s lifespan more than it does a man’s.

The study found women who lived to 90 were，on average，taller and had put on less weight since the age of 20 as compared to women who were shorter and heavier. 1 However，men saw more benefit from physical activity than women.

In 1986 researchers asked over 7,000 Norwegian men and women between age 55 and 69 about their height，current weight，and weight at age 20. Both genders also told researchers about their current physical activities. 2 The men and women were then sorted into daily activity quotas：less than 30 minutes，30 to 60 minutes，and 90 minutes or more.

Men and women in the study fared very differently when it came to the impact of body size and exercise.

Women who weighed less at age 20 and put on less weight as they aged were more likely to live longer than heavier women. 3 The study found women who were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31％more likely to live into their 90s than women who were less than 5 feet 3 inches.

_4 Men who spent 90 minutes a day or more being active were 39％more likely to live to 90 than men who were physically active for less than 30 minutes.

However，women who were physically active for more than 60 minutes a day were only 21％more likely to live to 90 than those who did 30 minutes or less. And unlike men, there was no bonus for increasing activity. 5 A. Height played a major factor.

B. No such association was seen for men.

C. The study was observational and couldn’t establish cause.

D. In fact, the study found that the optimal (最佳的) level of activity for women was 60 minutes a day.

E. Neither height nor weight seemed to factor into whether the men reached their 90s，but activity level did.

F. In addition，for each 30 minutes a day the men were active, they were 5％more likely to reach that age.

G. And they included dog walking，gardening，home improvements，walking or biking to work and sports.

说明文 1 GBFCE 2 CGBAF 3 BDECG 4 CEABG 5 DGBAF 6 CDGAF 7 BGAED