高中英语词汇 详解

知识感悟

一、词汇详解

1.play an important part in在……中起重要作用;对……有重要影响

【典型例句】

Computers play an important part in our daily life.

电脑在我们的日常生活中起了重要的作用。

Kindness plays an important part in social relationship.

善良对于社会关系有重要影响。

【相关链接】

play a part in/play the part of...in在……扮演……角色

play a role in...在……扮演角色

单项填空

Teachers often impress on students the important part they ______in making up harmonious society.

A.take B.make

C.play D.hold

答案:C

2.direction n.方向;指导;用法说明

【典型例句】

He drove in the direction of the farm.

他向农场方向驶去。

Our company is under good direction.

我们公司管理有方。

Follow the directions that your doctor gives you.

请遵医嘱。

【要点归纳】

in all directions 四面八方;各方面

in every direction 向各方面；向四面八方

in the direction of朝……方向

under the direction of 在……指导下

directions for use用法说明

direction表示“说明”时,常用复数形式。

【相关链接】

direct adj.直的;adv.直达地；vt.指导;指示

directly adv.立刻;直接地;conj.一……就……

单项填空

(1)Dusk saw those tired-out Iraqi soldiers dragged themselves______ the direction of northern desert areas.

A.in B.to

C.toward D.for

提示:句意为“黄昏,疲惫不堪的伊拉克士兵朝着北部沙漠地带艰难地走着”。

答案:A

(2)Generally speaking,when taken according to the ______,the drug has no side effect.

A.directions

B.instructs

C.introductions

D.explanations

提示:句意为“一般来说,这药如按说明服用是不会有副作用的”。directions指示,用法,说明；instructions指导,指令;introductions介绍;入门;explanations解释,说明,强调对做某事的原因作出说明。

答案:A

3.vanish v.消失

【典型例句】

When I turned around,she had vanished.

我转过身,她已不见了。

Many species have now vanished from the earth.

许多物种已在地球上绝迹了。

The thief vanished into the crowd.

那小偷消失在人群中。

英译汉

I thought it would rain,but the clouds have vanished and it’s a fine day._____________________________________

答案:我原以为天要下雨的,可是云消失了,是个好天。

4.put down放下;记下;拒绝;;羞辱;降低

【典型例句】

Please put down the following facts.

请把下面的事实记下来。

Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!

把那刀子放下,以免伤人!

The bus stopped to put down some passengers.

公共汽车停下来让一些乘客下车。

In 24 hours the general had entirely put down the rebellion.

在24小时内,这位将军就把叛乱完全下去了。

He’s always putting his wife down in public.

他总是当众羞辱妻子。

【相关链接】

(1)put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把……放在一边

The manager had to put his work aside for a time for an urgent accident.

经理不得不暂时搁下手头的工作去处理一件紧急事故。

(2)put away 收拾起来;储存(钱);喝掉

The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.

小男孩吃完晚饭后把食品放到橱柜里。

(3)put back 时钟向后拨;放回原处;拖延

Please put the dictionary back where it was.

请把字典放回原处。

We had to put the meeting back a week.

我们不得不把会议推迟一周。

(4)put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐;把时针向前拨

She has decided to put herself forward as a candidate.

她已经决定自荐为候选人。

(5)put off 延期;推迟

Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.

今日事,今日毕。

(6)put on 假装;增加;上演(戏剧)

She’s by no means really mad;she puts it on in order to gain attention.

她绝不是真的疯了,她只是为了引起人们的注意才假装的。

(7)put out 熄灭;使忧虑;扑灭;出版

Would you mind putting your cigarette out,please?

把烟熄了,好吗?

(8)put through 接通电话

Your call has been put through.

你要的电话接通了。

(9)put up 举起;张开(伞);张贴;为……提供食宿

We can put up ten people for the night.

我们可以留宿十个人。

(10)put up with 忍受;忍耐;受苦

That woman,as a housewife,has a lot to put up with.

作为家庭主妇,那女人得忍受很多烦恼。

介副词填空

(1)The concert had to be put______because the main singer was ill．

答案：off

(2)I can’t put ______their bad behavior any longer．

答案：up with

(3)Put it ______to my account,please.

答案：down

(4)Several tents have been put ______to accommodate the party．

答案：up

(5)My watch was ten minutes too fast,and I put it ______．

答案：back

(6)He was not really angry．He was putting it ______.

答案：on

(7)She put her sewing ______ when the telephone rang.

答案：aside

(8)It’s time that the government put ______interest rates.

答案：down

(9)Yes,we can put you ______for a night or two．

答案：up

(10)She put ______ the light and closed the door．

答案：out

(11)Please put those tools ______ after you finish the work．

答案：away

(12)Can you put me ______to this number?

答案：through

(13)My watch was slow so I put it ______three minutes．

答案：forward

(14)The meeting has been put ______until next week．

答案：back/off

单项填空

(15)You can take anything from the shelf and read,but please ______the books when you’ve finished with them.

A.put on B.put down

C.put back D.put off

提示:put back把……放回。

答案:C

(16)Suddenly,I wanted to write about that,but I wanted to______ it down simply for my own joy,not for Mr.Fleagle,my composition teacher.

A.settle B.put

C.take D.let

提示:put down在此句指“记下”。

答案:B

5.hold out伸出;维持

【典型例句】

My teacher held out her hand in welcome.

我的老师伸出了欢迎的手。

We were short of water but could hold out for another day.

我们虽然缺水,但还可以再坚持一天。

Will the car hold out till we reach London?

这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗?

【相关链接】

hold back阻止;抑制(情感、情绪);保密;隐瞒

hold on(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂上;坚持

hold to坚持;遵循

hold up举起；阻挡；拦截

单项填空

(1)He told me most of the facts of the affair,but I’m sure he’s still ______some important information.

A.taken back B.put back

C.held back D.held out

提示:hold back此处表示“隐瞒”。

答案:C

(2)We must hurry,because the trapped miner cannot ______ much longer.

A.keep out B.take out

C.turn out D.hold out

提示:hold out此处表示“坚持”。

答案:D

6.invisible adj.看不见的

【典型例句】

Germs are invisible to the naked eye.

细菌是肉眼所看不见的。

The differences are almost invisible.

这些差别简直难以辨认。

【要点归纳】

be invisible to对……看不见的；无形的

汉译英

空气是看不见的,但有风时,我们能感觉到风的运动。

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

答案:Air is invisible but we can feel its motion when there is a wind.

7.pass by经过;(时间)过去;错过;不理会

【典型例句】

He waved to me as I passed by.

我经过时他向我招手。

Ten months passed by.

十个月过去了。

Don’t let the opportunity pass by.

别错过机会。

We cannot pass this matter by without protest.

我们不能对此事听之任之。

【相关链接】

pass over对……置之不理

pass down传递 (=pass on)

单项填空

It is not right to ______your children’s shortcomings just because you love them.

A.go by B.put by

C.pass by D.keep by

提示:句意为“不要因为你爱你的孩子而忽视了他们的缺点”。pass by在此句的意思是“忽视,不理会”。

答案:C

8.doubt n.&vt.&vi怀疑

【典型例句】

There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.

毫无疑问,他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。

I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.

我相信他能按时完成任务。

He doubts if she will keep her word.

他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。

They have doubted him before.

他们以前曾经怀疑过他。

Do you doubt that she will succeed?

你怀疑她会成功吗?

【要点归纳】

(1)doubt作名词用时,可接同位语从句,用that/whether引导。

(2)doubt作动词用时,在否定句和疑问句中,接宾语从句时用that;在肯定句中用whehter/if引导。

【相关链接】

in doubt怀疑;拿不定主意

no/without doubt that...毫无疑问

单项填空

(1)I don’t doubt ______ the plan will be carried out soon.

A.that B.whether

C.why D.when

提示:doubt的否定形式后接that从句,表示确定语气。

答案:A

(2)—If the ship is caught in the storm,what shall he do then?

—Oh,do you still doubt ______he will be able to deal with every terrible situation?

A.whether B.that

C.if D.how

提示:doubt 用于疑问句时,后接由that引导的宾语从句。

答案:B

(3)No______that she will win the scholarship to study in Australia.

A.wonder B.question

C.doubt D.surprise

提示:No doubt that...毫无疑问。

答案:C

9.hesitate v.犹豫;迟疑

【典型例句】

Don’t hesitate about that.Do it at once.

对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。

He hesitated in replying.

他在回答时吞吞吐吐。

I always hesitate to advise my friends on what to read.

我总是不大愿意指点我的朋友们该看些什么书。

If you have any questions,don’t hesitate to ask me.

如果你有什么问题,尽管问我。

【相关链接】

hesitation n.犹豫,踌躇

have no hesitation in saying毫不犹豫地说

英汉互译

(1)你有难处就直截了当地告诉我们。

_____________________________________

答案:Don’t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.

(2)I hesitated about taking his side until I knew the whole story.

_____________________________________

答案:我在完全了解了事实后,才打消顾虑,支持他的立场。

(3)He hesitated to take such a big risk.

_____________________________________

答案:冒这样大的险，他犹豫了。

10.awake adj.醒着的；清醒的;vt.&vi.唤醒;醒

【典型例句】

He lay awake in his bed.

他醒着躺在床上。

He awoke from a sound sleep.

他从酣睡中醒来。

The thunder awoke me.

雷声把我惊醒了。

His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.

他父亲试图使他认识到自己的责任。

【相关链接】

awake和wake的区别：

awake用作形容词时,一般用作表语或后置定语,不能用作前置定语。awake用作动词时,既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词,但都不与up连用。

wake较为通俗,既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词,单独使用、与up连用均可。

选词填空

awake/wake

(1)I lay ______ all night because of traffic noise．

答案: awake

(2)When I ______ the sun was shining into the room．

答案:woke/woke up/awoke

(3)The telephone ring ______ the whole family at night．

答案:awoke/woke up

(4)I walked in quietly for I was afraid of ______ him up．

答案:waking

11.revenge v.&n.报仇;复仇

【典型例句】

He revenged his dead brother.

他为亡兄报了仇。

The people of the village took revenge on the thieves by beating them with sticks.

村子里的人们用棍棒打窃贼泄恨。

Terrorists bombed the police station in revenge for the arrests.

用袭击了局报复逮捕行动。

【要点归纳】

in (out of) revenge作为……的报复

give sb.his revenge给某人雪耻的机会

have (take) one’s revenge报仇

单项填空

I broke Mary’s pen by accident,and ______she tore up my school work.

A.in return B.in revenge

C.in time D.in reply

提示:句意为“我不留心弄坏了玛丽的钢笔,出于报复,她撕掉了我的作业”。in return作为报答;in time及时;in revenge作为报复;in reply答复。

答案:B

12.marry v.结婚;娶;嫁

【典型例句】

John married Mary last week.

上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。

Jane was/got married to a doctor last month.

上个月简和一位医生结婚了。

She married her daughter to a businessman.

她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。

She married very early.

她很早就结婚了。

【要点归纳】

marry sb.表示“嫁给某人;与……结婚”。

be/get married to sb.表示“与某人结婚”。

但是,be married可与时间段连用;get married不能与时间段连用。

marry sb. to sb.表示“父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇”。

marry作不及物动词时,往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。

单句改错

(1)She married with an Englishman.

_____________________________________

答案:全句改为:She married an Englishman.

或She was/got married to an Englishman.

(2)They have got married for six years.

_____________________________________

汉译英

答案:got→been got是瞬间动词,不能与时间阶段连用。

(3)她直到五十多岁才结婚。

_____________________________________

答案:She didn’t marry until she was over fifty.

13.power n.力量;能力;权力;动力

【典型例句】

Practice has taught us that knowledge is power.

实践使我们认识到知识就是力量。

A policeman has the power to arrest a criminal.

有权逮捕罪犯。

She lost her power of speech.

她失去了说话的能力。

The treaty was signed by five powers.

这个条约是由五个强国签订的。

【相关链接】

(1)power构成的短语:

in power 当权

come to/into power (开始)掌权;上台

in one’s power为某人力所能及

(2)power/strength/force/energy的区别：

power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。

strength常指固有的潜在力量,指人时,着重力气。

force主要指自然界的力量,如暴力；势力；军事力量等。

energy主要指“人的精力；自然界的能量”。

单项填空

(1)A healthy person is usually full of______after he gets up in the morning.

A.strength B.force

C.energy D.power

提示:full of energy精力充沛。

答案:C

(2)As soon as their party came into ______they changed the law.

A.force B.power

C.strength D.energy

提示:句意为“他们的党派一上台,就改变了法律”。

答案:B

(3)It was well known that Hawking lost his ______of speech as a result of serious illness.

A.strength B.power

C.force D.energy

提示:句意为“众所周知,霍金由于一场大病而失去了说话的能力”。

答案:B

14.possess v.拥有

【典型例句】

The country possesses rich mineral deposits.

这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。

He lost all that he possessed when his house burned down.

他的房子烧毁以后,他的全部财产都没有了。

【相关链接】

possession n.拥有;占有;财产

in possession of sth.占有某物

take possession of获得；占有;占据；占领

英汉互译

(1)He gave up the possession of the house.

_____________________________________

答案:他放弃了这房子的所有权。

(2)他在火灾中损失了所有的财产。

_____________________________________

答案:He lost all his possessions in the fire.

二、句型剖析

1.with+宾语+宾补

【典型例句】

With the boy leading the way,we had no trouble in getting to the train station.

由这个男孩带路,我们毫不费力地到达了火车站。

The child was crying with the glasses broken.

眼镜破了,那个男孩哭了起来。

With a lot of work to do,we had to be busy working day and night.

有那么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。

The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。

Don’t sleep with the door and windows open.

不要开着门窗睡觉。

【要点归纳】

“with+宾语+宾补”结构在句中主要作状语,它可以表示伴随状况、行为方式、原因、条件、时间及结果、程度等。它一般由下列几个形式构成:

with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动、进行)

with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动、完成)

with+宾语+不定式(表示将来,动作还没发生)

with+宾语+形容词/副词

with+宾语+介词短语

单项填空

(1)I won’t be able to go on holiday ______.

A.with my mother been ill

B.with my mother be ill

C.with my mother to be ill

D.with my mother being ill

提示:with my mother being ill 作原因状语,意为“我妈妈病了”。

答案:D

(2)After the Arab states won independence,great emphasis was expanding education,with girls as well as boys ______ to go to school.

A.to be encouraged

B.been encouraged

C.being encouraged

laid on

D.be encouraged

提示:with girls as well boys后面应该用现在分词的被动形式,表示当时的情况,也表示被动关系;不能接不定式的被动,因为不定式表示将来。

答案:C

英译汉

(3)With night coming on,they started for home.

_____________________________________

答案：夜幕来临，他们就动身回家了。

2.the same...that...

【典型例句】

This is the same wallet that I lost last week.

这就是我上一周丢失的钱包。

He is the same professor that gave us a lecture on war and peace last year.

他就是去年给我们就战争与和平而进行讲座的那位教授。

【要点归纳】

the same...as...表示“与……同样的”,不是同一个;而the same...that...表示“同一个,就是那个”。

【相关链接】

The same to you.［口］我也这样祝愿你。

be the same with...也一样

The same is true of...也有同样情况；也适用于……

单项填空

(1)—John was brought up in London and went to New York at eighteen.

—______Joe.

A.The same to B.The same with

C.So was D.So did

提示:用The same with Joe表示乔也出生在伦敦,也是十八岁时去了纽约。

答案:B

(2)Bob,I would like to get the same sneakers______you were wearing yesterday,but where can I buy them?

A.as B.like

C.that D.which

提示:此句中的sneakers是指相同的另一双,所以要用the same...as...。

答案:A

3.could/couldn’t have done

【典型例句】

The money has disappeared!Who could have taken it?

钱不见了!谁会把它拿走呢?

Tom could have(taken it);he was here alone yesterday.

有可能是汤姆把它拿走的;昨天他单独一个人在这里待过。

I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me?

我那时是能借钱给你的。你为什么没有向我借?

【要点归纳】

could have done可用来表示两种意义:

(1)表示对过去所发生情况的猜测。

(2)表示本来能够做某事,而实际上并没有做。

【相关链接】

must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。

can’t+have+done表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。can+have+done表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。

may+have+done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。

might+have+done表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。

would+have+done虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

should+have+done表示“本来应该做某事,而实际上没做”。shouldn’t+have+done表示“本来不应该做某事,而实际上做了”。含有指责对方或自责的意味。

ought to+have+done表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

needn’t+have+done表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。

选词填空

can/many/must/should

(1)She ______ have achieved greater progress,if you had given her more chances.

答案:could/might

(2)—What has happened to George?

—I don’t know.He ______ have got lost.

答案:may/might

(3)You ______have been mad to play football in such a heavy rain.

答案:must

(4)Tom,you are too lazy.The work ______have been finished yesterday.

答案:should

(5)Mary ______ have stolen your money.She has gone home.

答案:can’t/couldn’t

(6)There is nowhere to find them.Where ______they have gone?

答案:can

单项填空

(7)—Was the job too difficult?Why hasn’t it been done now?

—Anybody ______it but nobody did it,because it’s no use doing that,only a waste of time.

A.should have done

B.could have done

C.might have done

D.must have done

提示:could have done 本来能够做而实际没有做,与题意相符。

答案:B

4.as...as...像……一样

【典型例句】

My parcel is as heavy as yours.

我的包裹与你的一样沉。

Arther calculates as accurately as a calculator.

阿瑟像计算器一样计算精确。

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲有欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。

She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane did.

她在面包上涂的黄油与简涂的一样多。

He has learned as many English words as his brother (has).

他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单词。

【要点归纳】

(1)as...as...结构中的第一个as是副词;第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句,常用省略形式。

(2)not so/as...as...是否定形式,意为“不像……一样……”。

(3)在as...as 的结构中,第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词或是某些副词修饰语:twice,(three) times,nearly,almost等等。

(4)与名词连用时,要用以下句式:

as+adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+as...

as+adj+a(an)+可数名词单数+as...

单项填空

(1)—What do you think of French?

—In my opinion,French is ______ English.

A.a subject so difficult as

B.as difficult a subject as

C.as a subject difficult as

D.difficult as subject as

提示:这是一个“as+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+as...”的句式。句意为“法语是一门像英语一样难的课程”。

答案:B

(2)Mary is ______.

A.as wise and active as herself

B.as wise as active

C.as wise as possible

D.so wise and active as she is

提示:句意为“玛丽又活泼又聪明”。即...as wise as(she is) active B项正确；其他选项都不对，C项容易错选，但是意思不对。

答案:B

三、语法解读

［现在分词作状语］

分词作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。现在分词作状语,表示与主语的主动关系,也可表示进行;这时要注意比较过去分词作状语的特点,后者表示与主语的被动关系和完成的动作。

(1)表示时间

Arriving in Paris,I lost my way.

到了巴黎,我迷了路。

The hunter walked slowly in the forest,followed by his wolf-dog.

猎人在森林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着他的狼狗。

表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词强调时间意义时,分词前可以加上while,when等从属连接词,但as没有这种用法。如:

Don’t talk while having dinner.吃饭时不要说话。

When crossing the street,do be careful.

过马路时要小心。

(2)表示原因

表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首。

Having lived in London for years,I almost know every place quite well.

在伦敦住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。

Seriously injured,he had to be taken to hospital.

由于伤得严重,只好把他送往医院。

(3)表示结果

The fire lasted nearly a month,leaving nothing valuable.

大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。

Football is played in more than 80 countries,making it a popular sport.

80多个国家都踢足球,因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。

(4)表示方式

I stood by the door,not daring to say a word.

我站在门旁,不敢说一句话。

(5)表示条件

United,we stand;divided,we fall.

联合起来我们就能挺住,我们必然倒下。

Being more careful,you can make fewer mistakes.

如果你更细心,你会犯更少的错误。

强调条件时,可以在前面加上unless,once等。如:

You shouldn’t come in unless asked to.

不让你进来你不准进来。

Once losing this chance,you can’t easily find it.

一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。

单项填空

(1)One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Tom’s for lunch,______ their high school reunion the year before.

A.talking about

B.having talked about

C.to talk about

D.talked about

提示:句意为“一个星期天,几位汤姆以前的同学聚集在他家吃午饭,谈论着前一年的高中同学聚会的事情”。

答案:A

(2)“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted,______ away.

A.run B.running

C.to run D.ran

提示:句意为“‘你逮不着我!’詹尼特大喊着,跑远了”。用现在分词running作伴随状语,与主语Janet是主谓关系。

答案:B

(3)The storm left,______a lot of damage to this area.

A.caused B.to have caused

C.to cause D.having caused

提示:句意为“暴风走了,给这一带地区造成了巨大损失”。用现在分词短语的完成形式表示结果。

答案:D

(4)More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A.taking B.taken

C.having taken D.having been taken

提示:句意为“越来越多的人利用了健康和消遣的好处,报名参加瑜伽功”。现在分词作伴随状语。

答案:A

(5)Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,______fun.

A.had B.have

C.to have D.having

提示:having fun不是谓语而是伴随状语,与主语we是主动关系。

答案:D

课文浓缩

下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。

Will was standing alone in the quiet street at night wondering what to do next,when he saw a cat.Just as he 1 his hand,the cat 2 before she came up to him and went 3 the road toward the bushes just past the trees.There she obviously sensed a danger in front of her.She 4 a paw to touch something in the air but leapt back with her tail 5 ,and she 6 the place again to 7 the air once more,and leapt back again.Finally she stepped forward and 8 .

Will closely watched the cat 9 strangely.He went across the road to find out it was a patch in air that the cat disappeared into.Wondering what it was on the other side of the 10 ,he climbed through the hole.There he found 11 tall trees in the middle of the road,on each side of which were cafes and small shops.The whole scenery fascinated Will so much that he decided not to go back

to his own world and began to 12 the cat.

答案:1.held out 2.turned away 3.across 4.put out 5.held up

6.approached 7.pat 8.vanished 9.behave 10.patch 11.a line of 12.look around for